优雅地使用KVO
FaceBook KVOController
使用 KVOController 进行键值观测可以说完美地解决了在使用原生 KVO 时遇到的各种问题。
- 不需要手动移除观察者
- 实现 KVO 与事件发生处的代码上下文相同,不需要跨方法传参数;
- 使用 block 来替代方法能够减少使用的复杂度,提升使用 KVO 的体验;
- 每一个 keyPath 会对应一个属性,不需要在 block 中使用 if 判断 keyPath;
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) Fizz *fizz;
@end
// 在viewDidLoad 中写入
[self.KVOController observe:self.fizz
keyPath:@"number"
options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld
block:^(id _Nullable observer, id _Nonnull object, NSDictionary<NSString *,id> * _Nonnull change) {
NSLog(@"%@", change);
}];
[KVOController 源码分许] (https://draveness.me/kvocontroller)
KVO 原理
注意点:
我们也要指出有些集合是不能被观察的。KVO 旨在观察关系 (relationship) 而不是集合。我们不能观察 NSArray,我们只能观察一个对象的属性——而这个属性有可能是 NSArray。举例说,如果我们有一个 ContactList 对象,我们可以观察它的 contacts 属性。但是我们不能向要观察对象的 -addObserver:forKeyPath:... 传入一个 NSArray。
相似地,观察 self 不是永远都生效的。而且这不是一个好的设计。
- 通过runtime特性实现KVO
- 当你观察一个对象时,一个新的类会动态被创建。这个类继承自该对象的原本的类,并重写了被观察属性的 setter 方法。自然,重写的 setter 方法会负责在调用原 setter 方法之前和之后,通知所有观察对象值的更改。最后把这个对象的 isa 指针 ( isa 指针告诉 Runtime 系统这个对象的类是什么 ) 指向这个新创建的子类,对象就神奇的变成了新创建的子类的实例。
- 举个例子, 如果原类为Person, 那么它生成的派生类为NSKVONotifying_Person
- 每个类对象中都有一个isa指针, 当类对象第一次被观察时, 系统会将isa指针, 指向动态生成的派生类, 从而在调用setter方法时, 调用的是派生类的setter方法.
- 键值观察通知机制, 依赖于NSObject的两个方法, 在被观察对象属性改变之前, 会调用willChangeValueForKey: 方法, 记录旧值, 在被观察对象属性改变之后, 会调用didChangeValueForKey: 方法, 记录新值, 继而会调用 observeValueForKey:ofObject:change:context:
原来,这个中间类,继承自原本的那个类。不仅如此,Apple 还重写了 -class 方法,企图欺骗我们这个类没有变,就是原本那个类。
image.png手动写一个KVO
- 首先,我们创建 NSObject 的 Category,并在头文件中添加两个 API:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
typedef void(^TYObservingBlock)(id observedObject, NSString *observedKey, id oldValue, id newValue);
@interface NSObject (KVO)
- (void)TY_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer
forKey:(NSString *)key
withBlock:(TYObservingBlock)block;
- (void)TY_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key;
@end
- 实现 TY_addObserver: forKey: withBlock:
- 检查对象的类有没有相应的 setter 方法。如果没有抛出异常;
//1. 检查对象的类有没有相应的 setter 方法。如果没有抛出异常;
SEL setterSelctor = NSSelectorFromString(setterForGetter(key));
Method setterMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], setterSelctor);
if (!setterMethod) {
// 抛出异常
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have a setter for key %@", self, key];
NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:reason userInfo:nil];
@throw exception;
return;
}
第一步里,先通过 setterForGetter() 方法获得相应的 setter 的名字(SEL)。也就是把 key 的首字母大写,然后前面加上 set 后面加上 :,这样 key 就变成了 setKey:。然后再用 class_getInstanceMethod 去获得 setKey: 的实现(Method)。如果没有,自然要抛出异常。
- 检查对象 isa 指向的类是不是一个 KVO 类。如果不是,新建一个继承原来类的子类,并把 isa 指向这个新建的子类;
检查对象的 KVO 类重写过没有这个 setter 方法。如果没有,添加重写的 setter 方法;
添加这个观察者
// 2. 检查对象 isa 指向的类是不是一个 KVO 类。如果不是,新建一个继承原来类的子类,并把 isa 指向这个新建的子类;
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
NSString *className = NSStringFromClass(clazz);
if (![className hasPrefix:kTYKVOClassPrefix]) {
clazz = [self makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:className];
// 设置isa指针
object_setClass(self, clazz);
}
NSString *const kTYKVOClassPrefix = @"TYKVOClassPrefix_";
#pragma mark 生成派生类
- (Class)makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClazzName
{
NSString *kvoClassName = [originalClazzName stringByAppendingString:kTYKVOClassPrefix];
Class clazz = NSClassFromString(kvoClassName);
if (!clazz) {
return nil;
}
// 动态创建新的类需要用 objc/runtime.h 中定义的 objc_allocateClassPair() 函数。传一个父类,类名,然后额外的空间(通常为 0),它返回给你一个类。然后就给这个类添加方法,也可以添加变量。这里,我们只重写了 class 方法。哈哈,跟 Apple 一样,这时候我们也企图隐藏这个子类的存在。最后 objc_registerClassPair() 告诉 Runtime 这个类的存在。
Class orignalClass = object_getClass(self);
Class kvoClazz = objc_allocateClassPair(orignalClass, kvoClassName.UTF8String, 0);
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(orignalClass, @selector(class));
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod);
class_addMethod(kvoClazz, @selector(class), (IMP)kvo_class, types);
objc_registerClassPair(kvoClazz);
return kvoClazz;
}
static Class kvo_class(id self, SEL _cmd)
{
return class_getSuperclass(object_getClass(self));
}
- 检查对象的 KVO 类是否重写过 setter 方法。如果没有,添加重写的 setter 方法;
重写 setter 方法。新的 setter 在调用原 setter 方法后,通知每个观察者(调用之前传入的 block ):
if (![self hasSelector:setterSelctor]) {
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(setterMethod);
class_addMethod(clazz, setterSelctor, (IMP)kvo_setter, types);
}
- (BOOL)hasSelector:(SEL)selector {
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
unsigned int methodCount = 0;
Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(clazz, &methodCount);
for (int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {
Method method = methodList[i];
SEL desSel = method_getName(method);
if (desSel == selector) {
free(methodList);
return YES;
}
}
free(methodList);
return NO;
}
#pragma mark - Overridden Methods
static void kvo_setter(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue)
{
NSString *setterName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);
NSString *getterName = getterForSetter(setterName);
if (!getterName) {
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have setter %@", self, setterName];
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException
reason:reason
userInfo:nil];
return;
}
id oldValue = [self valueForKey:getterName];
struct objc_super superclazz = {
.receiver = self,
.super_class = class_getSuperclass(object_getClass(self))
};
// cast our pointer so the compiler won't complain
void (*objc_msgSendSuperCasted)(void *, SEL, id) = (void *)objc_msgSendSuper;
// call super's setter, which is original class's setter method
objc_msgSendSuperCasted(&superclazz, _cmd, newValue);
// look up observers and call the blocks
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
for (TYObservationInfo *each in observers) {
if ([each.key isEqualToString:getterName]) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
each.block(self, getterName, oldValue, newValue);
});
}
}
}
- 最后一步,把这个观察的相关信息存在 associatedObject 里。观察的相关信息(观察者,被观察的 key, 和传入的 block )封装在 PGObservationInfo 类里。
NSString *const kTYKVOAssociatedObservers = @"PGKVOAssociatedObservers";
#pragma mark - TYObservationInfo
@interface TYObservationInfo : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, weak) NSObject *observer;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *key;
@property (nonatomic, copy) TYObservingBlock block;
@end
@implementation TYObservationInfo
- (instancetype)initWithObserver:(NSObject *)observer Key:(NSString *)key block:(TYObservingBlock)block
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_observer = observer;
_key = key;
_block = block;
}
return self;
}
// 4. 添加观察者等信息
TYObservationInfo *info = [[TYObservationInfo alloc] initWithObserver:observer Key:key block:block];
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
if (!observers) {
observers = [NSMutableArray array];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers), observers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
[observers addObject:info];
// 移除观察者
- (void)TY_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key {
NSMutableArray* observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
TYObservationInfo *infoToRemove;
for (TYObservationInfo* info in observers) {
if (info.observer == observer && [info.key isEqual:key]) {
infoToRemove = info;
break;
}
}
[observers removeObject:infoToRemove];
}
完整代码
NSObject+KVO.h
//
// NSObject+KVO.h
// KVO--01
//
// Created by Apple on 2018/6/14.
// Copyright © 2018年 com.tyler.edu. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
typedef void(^TYObservingBlock)(id observedObject, NSString *observedKey, id oldValue, id newValue);
@interface NSObject (KVO)
- (void)TY_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer
forKey:(NSString *)key
withBlock:(TYObservingBlock)block;
- (void)TY_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key;
@end
NSObject+KVO.m
//
// NSObject+KVO.m
// KVO--01
//
// Created by Apple on 2018/6/14.
// Copyright © 2018年 com.tyler.edu. All rights reserved.
//
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>
#import "NSObject+KVO.h"
NSString *const kTYKVOClassPrefix = @"TYKVOClassPrefix_";
NSString *const kTYKVOAssociatedObservers = @"PGKVOAssociatedObservers";
#pragma mark - TYObservationInfo
@interface TYObservationInfo : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, weak) NSObject *observer;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *key;
@property (nonatomic, copy) TYObservingBlock block;
@end
@implementation TYObservationInfo
- (instancetype)initWithObserver:(NSObject *)observer Key:(NSString *)key block:(TYObservingBlock)block
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_observer = observer;
_key = key;
_block = block;
}
return self;
}
@end
#pragma mark - Helpers
static NSString * getterForSetter(NSString *setter)
{
if (setter.length <=0 || ![setter hasPrefix:@"set"] || ![setter hasSuffix:@":"]) {
return nil;
}
// remove 'set' at the begining and ':' at the end
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(3, setter.length - 4);
NSString *key = [setter substringWithRange:range];
// lower case the first letter
NSString *firstLetter = [[key substringToIndex:1] lowercaseString];
key = [key stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 1)
withString:firstLetter];
return key;
}
static NSString * setterForGetter(NSString *getter) {
{
if (getter.length <= 0) {
return nil;
}
// upper case the first letter
NSString *firstLetter = [[getter substringToIndex:1] uppercaseString];
NSString *remainingLetters = [getter substringFromIndex:1];
// add 'set' at the begining and ':' at the end
NSString *setter = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@%@:", firstLetter, remainingLetters];
return setter;
}
}
#pragma mark - Overridden Methods
static void kvo_setter(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue)
{
NSString *setterName = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd);
NSString *getterName = getterForSetter(setterName);
if (!getterName) {
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have setter %@", self, setterName];
@throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException
reason:reason
userInfo:nil];
return;
}
id oldValue = [self valueForKey:getterName];
struct objc_super superclazz = {
.receiver = self,
.super_class = class_getSuperclass(object_getClass(self))
};
// cast our pointer so the compiler won't complain
void (*objc_msgSendSuperCasted)(void *, SEL, id) = (void *)objc_msgSendSuper;
// call super's setter, which is original class's setter method
objc_msgSendSuperCasted(&superclazz, _cmd, newValue);
// look up observers and call the blocks
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
for (TYObservationInfo *each in observers) {
if ([each.key isEqualToString:getterName]) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
each.block(self, getterName, oldValue, newValue);
});
}
}
}
static Class kvo_class(id self, SEL _cmd)
{
return class_getSuperclass(object_getClass(self));
}
@implementation NSObject (KVO)
- (void)TY_addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key withBlock:(TYObservingBlock)block {
//1. 检查对象的类有没有相应的 setter 方法。如果没有抛出异常;
SEL setterSelctor = NSSelectorFromString(setterForGetter(key));
Method setterMethod = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], setterSelctor);
if (!setterMethod) {
// 抛出异常
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Object %@ does not have a setter for key %@", self, key];
NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:reason userInfo:nil];
@throw exception;
return;
}
// 2. 检查对象 isa 指向的类是不是一个 KVO 类。如果不是,新建一个继承原来类的子类,并把 isa 指向这个新建的子类;
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
NSString *className = NSStringFromClass(clazz);
if (![className hasPrefix:kTYKVOClassPrefix]) {
clazz = [self makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:className];
// 设置isa指针
object_setClass(self, clazz);
}
// 3.检查对象的 KVO 类是否重写过 setter 方法。如果没有,添加重写的 setter 方法;
if (![self hasSelector:setterSelctor]) {
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(setterMethod);
class_addMethod(clazz, setterSelctor, (IMP)kvo_setter, types);
}
// 4. 添加观察者等信息
TYObservationInfo *info = [[TYObservationInfo alloc] initWithObserver:observer Key:key block:block];
NSMutableArray *observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
if (!observers) {
observers = [NSMutableArray array];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers), observers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
[observers addObject:info];
}
#pragma mark 生成派生类
- (Class)makeKvoClassWithOriginalClassName:(NSString *)originalClazzName
{
NSString *kvoClassName = [originalClazzName stringByAppendingString:kTYKVOClassPrefix];
Class clazz = NSClassFromString(kvoClassName);
if (clazz) {
return clazz;
}
// 动态创建新的类需要用 objc/runtime.h 中定义的 objc_allocateClassPair() 函数。传一个父类,类名,然后额外的空间(通常为 0),它返回给你一个类。然后就给这个类添加方法,也可以添加变量。这里,我们只重写了 class 方法。哈哈,跟 Apple 一样,这时候我们也企图隐藏这个子类的存在。最后 objc_registerClassPair() 告诉 Runtime 这个类的存在。
Class orignalClass = object_getClass(self);
Class kvoClazz = objc_allocateClassPair(orignalClass, kvoClassName.UTF8String, 0);
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(orignalClass, @selector(class));
const char *types = method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod);
class_addMethod(kvoClazz, @selector(class), (IMP)kvo_class, types);
objc_registerClassPair(kvoClazz);
return kvoClazz;
}
// 移除观察者
- (void)TY_removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKey:(NSString *)key {
NSMutableArray* observers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(kTYKVOAssociatedObservers));
TYObservationInfo *infoToRemove;
for (TYObservationInfo* info in observers) {
if (info.observer == observer && [info.key isEqual:key]) {
infoToRemove = info;
break;
}
}
[observers removeObject:infoToRemove];
}
- (BOOL)hasSelector:(SEL)selector {
Class clazz = object_getClass(self);
unsigned int methodCount = 0;
Method *methodList = class_copyMethodList(clazz, &methodCount);
for (int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {
Method method = methodList[i];
SEL desSel = method_getName(method);
if (desSel == selector) {
free(methodList);
return YES;
}
}
free(methodList);
return NO;
}
@end
使用
新建立类 Fizz.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Fizz : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSNumber *number;
@end
新建立类 Fizz.m
#import "Fizz.h"
@implementation Fizz
- (instancetype)init
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_number = @0;
}
return self;
}
@end
在ViewConreoller.m 中测试
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "Fizz.h"
#import "NSObject+KVO.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) Fizz *f;
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.f = [[Fizz alloc] init];
[self.f TY_addObserver:self forKey:@"number" withBlock:^(id observedObject, NSString *observedKey, id oldValue, id newValue) {
NSLog(@"key = %@\n old = %@\n new = %@", observedKey, oldValue, newValue);
}];
self.f.number = @2;
}
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