Java对象的创建和初始化

作者: 匠丶 | 来源:发表于2018-09-18 00:05 被阅读2145次

    建议结合上一篇Java类的加载和初始化一起阅读,将帮助你理解:

    • 什么是Class,什么是class
    • Java虚拟机启动和类的加载过程
    • 对象的创建方式和初始化顺序

    对象的创建方式

    下面结合代码介绍几种对象的创建方式:

     //待实例化的类
    public class Worker implements Cloneable,Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
    
        public Worker()
        {
            this.name = "";
            this.age = 0;
        }
    
        public Worker(String name,Integer age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public void work()
        {
            System.out.println(name +"is working");
        }
    
        public Worker clone()
        {
            Worker worker = null;
            try {
                return (Worker) super.clone();
            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return worker;
        }
    }
    

    方式1: 直接使用new的方式,不使用参数

        public static Worker createWorker() {
            System.out.println("直接使用new的方式,不使用参数");
            return new Worker();
        }
    

    方式2: 使用new方式,带参数

        public static Worker createWorker(String name, int age) {
            System.out.println("使用new方式,带参数");
            return new Worker(name, age);
        }
    

    方式3: 使用反射机制,不带参数的 newInstance() 方法

         public static Worker createWorker1() {
    
            Class clazz = null;
            Worker worker = null;
            try {
                clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker");
                worker = (Worker) clazz.newInstance();
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("使用反射机制,不带参数的newInstance()方法");
            return worker;
        }
    

    方式4: 使用反射机制 , Constructor的 newInstance方法

        public static Worker createWorker2() {
            Worker worker = null;
            try {
                Class clazz = null;
                clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker");
    
                // 获取不带参数的构造器
                Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
                // 使用构造器创建对象
                worker = (Worker) constructor.newInstance();
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("使用反射机制,Constructor的newInstance方法");
            return worker;
        }
    

    方式5: 使用反射机制 :带参数的构造函数创建新对象

       public static Worker createWorker3(String name, Integer age) {
            Worker worker = null;
            try {
                Class clazz = null;
                clazz = Class.forName("com.code.loader.Worker");
    
                // 获取带参数的构造器
                Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(name.getClass(),
                        age.getClass());
                // 使用构造器创建对象
                worker = (Worker) constructor.newInstance(name, age);
    
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("使用反射机制,带参数的构造函数创建新对象");
            return worker;
        }
    

    方式6: 使用序列化和反序列化创建对象

    public static Worker createWorker4(String name, Integer age){
            Worker person = new Worker();
            person.setName(name);
            person.setAge(age);
            //序列化
            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("person.txt");
            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(person);
            outputStream.close();
            objectOutputStream.close();
            //反序列化
            InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("person.txt");
            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream);
            return (Worker) objectInputStream.readObject();
    }
    

    方式7: 使用对象的clone方法,创建对象

      public static Worker createWorker5(Worker worker) {
            System.out.println("使用对象的复制,创建对象");
            return (Worker) worker.clone();
        }
    

    对象的初始化顺序

    结合代码,分析对象的初始化顺序

    public class Test {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Child child = new Child();
        }
    
    }
    
    class Father {
        public static String fatherStr1 = "fatherStr1(静态字段初始化值)";
    
        public String fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(字段初始化值)";
    
        static {
            System.out.println("父类静态代码块:" + fatherStr1);
            fatherStr1 = "fatherStr1(静态代码块赋值)";
        }
    
        {
            System.out.println("父类构造代码块:" + fatherStr2);
            fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(构造代码块赋值)";
        }
    
        public Father() {
            System.out.println("父类构造函数块:" + fatherStr2);
            fatherStr2 = "fatherStr2(构造函数赋值)";
        }
    }
    
    class Child extends Father {
    
        public static String childStr1 = "childStr1(静态字段初始化值)";
    
        public String childStr2 = "childStr2(字段初始化值)";
    
        static {
            System.out.println("子类静态代码块:" + childStr1);
            childStr1 = "childStr1(静态代码块赋值)";
        }
    
        {
            System.out.println("子类构造代码块:" + childStr2);
            childStr2 = "childStr2(构造代码块赋值)";
        }
    
        public Child() {
            System.out.println("子类构造函数:" + childStr2);
            childStr2 = "childStr2(构造函数赋值)";
        }
    }
    
         /*输出结果:
        父类静态代码块:fatherStr1(静态字段初始化值)
        子类静态代码块:childStr1(静态字段初始化值)
        父类构造代码块:fatherStr2(字段初始化值)
        父类构造函数块:fatherStr2(构造代码块赋值)
        子类构造代码块:childStr2(字段初始化值)
        子类构造函数:childStr2(构造代码块赋值)*/
    

    总结如下,其中静态字段和静态代码块属于类的初始化过程
    1、父类静态字段初始化,静态代码块初始化
    2、子类静态字段初始化,子类静态代码块初始化
    3、父类普通字段初始化,普通代码块初始化
    4、父类构造函数
    5、子类普通字段初始化,普通代码块初始化
    6、子类构造函数

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Java对象的创建和初始化

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/jmmjnftx.html