Android钟对数据的存储与访问是很有必要的,在Android中对于数据存储提供了如下几种方法:
文件形式
SharedPreferences(参数-键值对形式)
SQLite数据库(空间2T)
Content provider (Android组件-内容提供者)
网络(云存储)
这次写的是Content provider (Android组件-内容提供者)对外共享数据。将一个应用中的数据库通过ContentProvider共享给其他应用,增,删,改,查。具体数据库操作,请看上一篇
因为ContentProvider是Android四大组件之一,所以使用ContentProvider·是需要在清单文件AndroidManifest注册的
<!--authorities 是provider的唯一标识 ,name是要注册的ContentProvider的路径-->
<provider
android:authorities="com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider"
android:name="com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider"/>
实现类PersonProvider代码
package com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.sqlite.service.MySQLite;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2016/12/14.
*/
public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {
/** Uri讲解:
* Uri代表要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:
* 1.需要操作的ContentProvider
* 2.对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作
* 一个Uri由以下几部分组成:
* content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person/10
* |-scheme-|------------主机名或authority(唯一标识)----------------------|-路径-|-ID-|
* ContentProvider(类容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定,scheme为:content://
* 主机名(或叫Authority)用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识找到他调用共享数据
* 路径(path)可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径结构根据实际情况而定,如下:
* 要操作person表中id为10的记录,可以这样构建路径:/person/10
* 要操作person表中id为10的记录的name字段,可以这样构建路径:/person/10/name
* 要操作那个表XXX,那么机构路径就为:/XXX
* 将字符串转换成Uri
* 调用方法:Uri uri = Uri.parse("string")
*/
private MySQLite mySQLite;
//用于判断Uri是否匹配类
private static final UriMatcher URI_MATCHER = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
//匹配码
private static final int PERSONS = 1;
private static final int PERSON = 2;
static {
//添加待匹配的Uri 主机名(或叫Authority) //路径 匹配码
URI_MATCHER.addURI("com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider","person",PERSONS);
//添加待匹配的Uri 主机名(或叫Authority) //路径 #代表未知数字 匹配码
URI_MATCHER.addURI("com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider","person/#",PERSON);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
//ContentProvider实例被创建时系统调用
mySQLite = new MySQLite(this.getContext(),"mySQLite");
return false;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] columns, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs, String orderBy) {
//供外部应用查询ContentProvider内的数据
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLite.getWritableDatabase();
//操作ContentProvider数据前,先判断Uri是否匹配,判断scheme与路径是否是要操作的表的路径
switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)){
case PERSONS:
return db.query("person",columns, whereClause,whereArgs,null,null,orderBy);
case PERSON:
long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);//获取Uri中操作数据的ID
String where = "personId="+rowid;//获取操作数据库的条件语句
if (null == whereClause||"".equals(whereClause)){//判断是否还有其他条件语句
where += " and "+ whereClause;//组拼条件语句
}
return db.query("person",columns, where,whereArgs,null,null,orderBy);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("this id Unknown Uri "+uri);
}
}
@Nullable
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
/**
* 用于返回要操作数据MIME类型(类容类型)
* 1、如果操作的类型属于集合类型数据,那么MIME类型字符串应该以‘vud.android.cursor.dir/’开头
* 例如:如果要得到所有person记录的Uri为:content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person
* 那么要返回的MIME类型字符串应该为:vud.android.cursor.dir/person
* 2、如果操作的类型属于非集合类型数据,那么MIME类型字符串应该以‘vud.android.cursor.item/’开头
* 例如:如果要得到id为1的person记录的Uri为:content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person/1
* 那么要返回的MIME类型字符串应该为:vud.android.cursor.item/person
*/
switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)){
case PERSONS:
return "vud.android.cursor.dir/person";
case PERSON:
return "vud.android.cursor.item/person";
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("this id Unknown Uri "+uri);
}
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) {
//供外部应用向ContentProvider内插入数据
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLite.getWritableDatabase();
//操作ContentProvider数据前,先判断Uri是否匹配,判断scheme与路径是否是要操作的表的路径
switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)){
case PERSONS:
long rowid = db.insert("person","nsme",contentValues);//主键值
//返回修改数据的Uri
//方法一:手动书写(易错)
Uri insertUri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person/"+rowid);
//方法二:Android提供API(推荐)
insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,rowid);
//设置数据的变化通知--> (uri,设置必须要的数据变化的监听者)
this.getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
return insertUri;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("this id Unknown Uri "+uri);
}
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
//供外部应用删除ContentProvider内的数据
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLite.getWritableDatabase();
//操作记录数
int number = 0;
//操作ContentProvider数据前,先判断Uri是否匹配,判断scheme与路径是否是要操作的表的路径
switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)){
case PERSONS:
number = db.delete("person",whereClause,whereArgs);
break;
case PERSON:
long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);//获取Uri中操作数据的ID
String where = "personId="+rowid;//获取操作数据库的条件语句
if (null == whereClause||"".equals(whereClause)){//判断是否还有其他条件语句
where += " and "+ whereClause;//组拼条件语句
}
number = db.delete("person",where,whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("this id Unknown Uri "+uri);
}
//返回操作记录数
return number;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String whereClause, String[] whereArgs) {
//供外部应用更新ContentProvider内的数据
SQLiteDatabase db = mySQLite.getWritableDatabase();
//操作记录数
int number = 0;
//操作ContentProvider数据前,先判断Uri是否匹配,判断scheme与路径是否是要操作的表的路径
switch (URI_MATCHER.match(uri)){
case PERSONS:
number = db.update("person", contentValues, whereClause,whereArgs);
break;
case PERSON:
long rowid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);//获取Uri中操作数据的ID
String where = "personId="+rowid;//获取操作数据库的条件语句
if (null == whereClause||"".equals(whereClause)){//判断是否还有其他条件语句
where += " and "+ whereClause;//组拼条件语句
}
number = db.update("person",contentValues,where,whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("this id Unknown Uri "+uri);
}
//返回操作记录数
return number;
}
}
监听数据变化的SourceProviderActivity代码
package com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider;
import android.database.ContentObserver;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.R;
public class SourceProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//要监听其变化的Uri
private Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person");
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_source_provider);
//设置监听器
this.getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(uri,true,new PersonCotentObserver(new Handler()));
}
private class PersonCotentObserver extends ContentObserver{
public PersonCotentObserver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
//是否是自己修改数据
if (!selfChange){
//select * from person order by personId decs limit 1
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, "personId decs limit 1");
if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
Log.d("FLY",name);
}
}
}
}
}
操作类ProviderActivity代码:
package com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.R;
public class ProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_provider);
}
private void testInsert(){
//别的应用添加类容提供者数据需要代码
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person");
ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContentResolver();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","laowang");
values.put("phone", "12345678910");
contentResolver.insert(uri, values);
}
private void testDelete(){
//别的应用添加类容提供者数据需要代码
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person/1");
ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContentResolver();
contentResolver.delete(uri, null, null);
}
private void testUpdate(){
//别的应用添加类容提供者数据需要代码
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person/1");
ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContentResolver();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name","xxxxx");
contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
}
private void testQuery(){
//别的应用添加类容提供者数据需要代码
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.administrator.foundationdemo.provider.PersonProvider/person");
ContentResolver contentResolver = this.getContentResolver();
//所有字段所有类容 id升序排列
Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, "personId asc");
while (cursor.moveToNext()){
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
Log.d("FLY","name:"+name+"\n");
}
cursor.close();
}
}
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