paragraph 10
①Yet Mr Abe only hints at the need for any of this. ②“We are not thinking about immediately raising the co-payment for medical and health services,” he says. ③“But there must be a careful review of the balance between the contribution and benefit.” ④Those who take action to prevent illness, such as regular exercise, could be rewarded. ⑤“We would like to think about the incentives—what should be done to the contributions that have to be paid by the people who adopt habits to prevent diseases,” he says.
段落大意：
①句表明安倍的态度：上一段提到的一些措施并不是非常紧迫。②③句是对安倍观点的引用：他们并没有打算立马实施医疗健康服务的共同支付方案，但是供款和福利之间的平衡是需要再认真审视的。④句表示，规律运动者需要得到鼓励。⑤句又是引用：他们正在想新的刺激机制，那些坚持运动抵抗疾病的人的供款可以如何安排。
段落解析：
1.If you hint at something,you suggest it in an indirect way.
hint除了做名词表示”暗示”，”好主意”以外，还可以做动词表达”暗示，示意”，通常和介词at搭配：
Criticism is hinted at, but never made explicit... 批评总是含沙射影，但从未明说。
2.review最熟悉的用法是做名词，表示复习。在这里指的是审查，审核。
The White House quickly announced that the policy is under review.白宫很快宣布该项政策正在审核中。
3.contribution和benefit。contribution这里指的不是贡献，付出，而是指的养老金制度里面的供款，比如养老金固定缴款计划就是”defined contribution plan”；benefit指的不是益处，好处，也是指的养老金制度里的福利和津贴。contribution意思弄懂，这段话的最后一句话才不会出现理解偏差：有的人坚持运动，同时也按时缴纳养老金，他们退休之后身体很好，不需要动用医疗补贴，所以对于他们支付的缴款，安倍提出，可以有一定的鼓励和奖赏机制。
paragraph 10
①This caution is excessive. ②Pushing back the retirement age is not as controversial in Japan as elsewhere. ③A government poll conducted in 2017 found that 42% of people aged 60 or more who work want to continue to do so. ④Although some politicians fret about foreigners bringing crime and disturbing social harmony, the majority of the population approves of Mr Abe’s plans to admit more foreign workers.
段落大意：
①句里的this caution 指的是第九段提到过的“Abe is being cautious”，安倍的担心是有些多余的。②句解释在其他国家，提高退休年龄会引发争议，但是在日本就不一样了。③④句详细解释原因：17年的民意调查表明60岁及以上还在职场的民众里，42%都愿意继续工作；并且大多数日本国民都肯定安倍接收更多外籍工作人员的计划，尽管一些政客担心外来人员会带来犯罪和扰乱社会安定。
段落解析：
1.This caution is excessive. 段首句简单清晰，并且和前文的cautious有所呼应。
2. 第二句里可以提炼句型doing sth is not as controversial in xxx as elsewhere，一件事情在其他地方有争议，但是在xxx地方是行得通的，可以体现地方特色。
比如当我们想说在中国子女照顾赡养父母的义务可能要被写入法律这一举措，在其他国家可能会引起争议，但是在中国不会，就可以说：
Enforcing the law that children are obliged to look after their parents economically and emotionally is not as controversial in China as elsewhere.
3. fret，不及物动词，担忧，和worry about，concern有一点不同的是，字典里表明fret通常是过分担忧，或者担忧没必要的事情。
可以和about，over一起使用：
She is always fretting about/over her newly-born child. 她总是在担心自己刚出生的婴儿。
还可以说fret that：
Men in their fifties always fret that they are no longer young. 人到中年，总是担心自己已经不够年轻。
口语中还有两个用fret表示不用担心的表达：
Don’t fret.
Fret not.
4. approve做“批准，通过”一项法案，决定的时候，是及物动词：
MPs approved the Bill by a majority of 97. 议员们以97票的多数票通过了该议案。
做“赞同”的时候，是不及物动词，和of搭配：
I don’t approve of cosmetic surgery. 我不赞成整形。
①Mr Abe wants Japan to be a model for other ageing societies. ②He has done more than his predecessors to prepare for a smaller, older population. ③The danger is that Japan will become an example of a country that has done too little, too late.
段落大意：
文章最后一段三句话：①句表明安倍的决心：想要日本成为其他老龄化国家的楷模，②句肯定安倍在解决日本老龄化问题上的成就，③句表明对现状的担忧：日本也有可能做的太少，做的太晚，不是成为一个楷模，而是要成为一个可以吸取失败教训的例子了。
段落解析：
1. 从这段话里可以学习paraphrase，同义词替换的表达，老龄化社会可以说aging society, 也可以说a smaller, older population，人口一方面在减少，另一方面老龄化人口增多，表达简单但是很准确。
2. 最后一句话可以学到这个表达：…is an example that has done too little, too late.。。。是做的太少，做的太晚的例子。
比如高考前一个月才认真开始复习，那就是做的太少，做的太晚：
Start studying merely one month before the College Entrance Examination is an example of a student that has done too little, too late.
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