第二部分前半部分大意：
目前对防治微生物感染药物的大量研究可以追溯到人们意识到粪便移植的用途的时代，大约在1700年前。
最近，粪便细菌微生物移植主要用来对付一种叫作“困难梭状芽胞杆菌”的引起痢疾的细菌。这种移植能改变病人的菌群以使其产生抗性。
然而全部移植这些菌群未免太粗糙了。Rebiotix这家公司正在研发一种正加精炼的方法，他们试图提炼健康肠道菌的标准悬浮物，该方法可以用来防止“困难梭状芽胞杆菌”的再发。
The recent interest of microbiomes medicine can be traced to about 1700 years ago, when people became aware of usefulness of transplanting faeces with their natural cargo of bacteria from healthy people into sick ones.
Recently, faecal microbial transplants(FMTs) are mainly used to deal with the rampant multiplication of diarrhoea-casuing bug called C. difficile. The FMTs can alter the composition of the recepient's microbiome so that they can be hostile to C. difficile.
However, transplanting the whole microbiomes is too crude. Rebiotix is developing a more refined approach: a standardised liquid suspension of healthy gut bacteria, which can be used to prevent from recurring infections of the C. difficile.
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