先从Retrofit的使用开始介绍。一个简单的使用例子如下：
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://172.18.157.142:8080")
//.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
TestApi testApi = retrofit.create(TestApi.class);
Map<String,String> p = new HashMap<>();
p.put("key","123");
Call<ResponseBody> userCall = testApi.getTestResult("/user/nothing",p);
userCall.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
System.out.println("================onFailure");
}
});
TestApi的源码入下：
interface TestApi {
@GET("{path}")
Call<ResponseBody> getTestResult(@Path("path") String path, @QueryMap(encoded = true)Map<String,String> options);
}
Retrofit的使用步骤还是比较麻烦的,主要有如下步骤：
1 创建一个Retrofit实例
2 根据具体的网络请求，创建一个接口，此接口的方法主要用于传入url和参数。
3 根据第二步创建的接口，获取一个Call。
4 调用Call的异步方法enqueue获取返回数据。
下面就从源码的角度详细分析Retrofit的原理。
先从第一步的build()方法开始，build()方法源码如下：
public Retrofit build() {
if (baseUrl == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
if (callFactory == null) {
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();//默认的Factory，可配置
}
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;//返回回调的线程
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();//默认是主线程
}
// Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);
return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}
接下来看Retrofit的create()方法，源码如下：
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
@Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {//Object的相关方法不能被代理
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {//可以不用管，java里面用到，android平台默认为false
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);//获取ServiceMethod
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);//创建OkHttpCall
return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);//动态代理的拦截执行
}
});
}
create()方法返回了一个动态代理，从create()方法也可以看出，其参数service必须是一个接口，这个是动态代理的机制决定，有关动态代理相关知识，请自行百度。
Method的getDeclaringClass()方法返回Method定义所在的类。
动态代理最后调用了ServiceMethod的CallAdapter的adapt()方法。
ServiceMethod的CallAdapter是怎么初始化的呢？还需要从loadServiceMethod()这个方法说起。loadServiceMethod()源码如下：
ServiceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();//如果result中没有满足需求的ServiceMethod，就创建一个
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
ServiceMethod.Builder的build()方法源码如下：
public ServiceMethod build() {
callAdapter = createCallAdapter();//创建CallAdapter
…...
return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
}
createCallAdapter()方法源码如下：
private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() {
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
throw methodError(
"Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
}
if (returnType == void.class) {
throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
}
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
try {
//noinspection unchecked
return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);//从Retrofit中获取。
} catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
}
}
Retrofit的callAdapter()源码如下：
public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
}
public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
Annotation[] annotations) {
checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");
int start = adapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
//从链表中拿出一个CallAdapter.Factory，调用其get()方法，如果不为空，则返回。
CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
if (adapter != null) {
return adapter;
}
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate call adapter for ")
.append(returnType)
.append(".\n");
if (skipPast != null) {
builder.append(" Skipped:");
for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
builder.append("\n * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
}
builder.append('\n');
}
builder.append(" Tried:");
for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
builder.append("\n * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
}
adapterFactories.get()获取的CallAdapter.Factory其实就是Retrofit的Build在调用build()方法的时候设置的。先看Platform的源码：
static class Android extends Platform {
@Override
public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
return new MainThreadExecutor();
}
@Override
CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);//Retrofit使用的就是这个Factory
}
static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
@Override
public void execute(Runnable r) {
handler.post(r);
}
}
}
所以adapterFactories.get()获取的就是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory。ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get()方法源码如下：
public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
return null;
}
final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
@Override public Type responseType() {
return responseType;
}
@Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
}
};
}
先看if里面的判断条件，returnType的获取方式为:
method.getGenericReturnType()
Method的getGenericReturnType()返回的就是Method的返回值类型，比如：void，int，String等。而在这里代表的是文章开头描述的第二步中的接口中的方法返回值。如果不是Call的话，if会返回false，否则返回一个CallAdapter。
CallAdapter的adapt()方法返回的是一个ExecutorCallbackCall的实例。
也就是说Retrofit的create()方法的动态代理最终返回了一个ExecutorCallbackCall实例。
对应到开头的例子中，也就是
TestApi testApi = retrofit.create(TestApi.class);//获取的是一个代理类，而不是new出来的。
Call<ResponseBody> userCall = testApi.getTestResult("/user/renyiguang",p);//获取到的是ExecutorCallbackCall的实例。
所以在调用userCall.enqueue()方法时，其实是调用的ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue()方法。ExecutorCallbackCall源码如下：
static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> {
final Executor callbackExecutor;
final Call<T> delegate;
ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) {
this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
this.delegate = delegate;
}
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null");
delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() {
@Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) {
callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
// Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation.
callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
}
}
});
}
@Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) {
callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t);
}
});
}
});
}
@Override public boolean isExecuted() {
return delegate.isExecuted();
}
@Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
return delegate.execute();
}
@Override public void cancel() {
delegate.cancel();
}
@Override public boolean isCanceled() {
return delegate.isCanceled();
}
@SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone.
@Override public Call<T> clone() {
return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone());
}
@Override public Request request() {
return delegate.request();
}
}
ExecutorCallbackCall其实是个代理类，其方法都是调用的delegate的相应方法。delegate是什么呢？是CallAdapter调用adapt()传入的参数。CallAdapter的adapt()是何时调用的呢？还是在Retrofit的create()中，传入的是OkHttpCall。
那么就看一下OkHttpCall的enqueue()方法，其源码如下：
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null");
okhttp3.Call call;
Throwable failure;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
call = rawCall;
failure = creationFailure;
if (call == null && failure == null) {//默认都为空
try {
call = rawCall = createRawCall();
} catch (Throwable t) {
failure = creationFailure = t;
}
}
}
if (failure != null) {
callback.onFailure(this, failure);
return;
}
//取消请求
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
//发送异步网络请求
call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
@Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
throws IOException {
Response<T> response;
try {
response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
} catch (Throwable e) {
callFailure(e);
return;
}
callSuccess(response);
}
@Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
try {
callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
try {
callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
try {
callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
这个方法可以说是retrofit真正的入口方法。先来看一下createRawCall()这个方法。
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
Request request = serviceMethod.toRequest(args);//根据输入参数返回Request。这是OkHttp的Request
okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.callFactory.newCall(request);//根据request，返回call，这是OkHttp的call。
if (call == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
}
return call;
}
ServiceMethod的toRequest()方法实现如下：
Request toRequest(Object... args) throws IOException {
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder(httpMethod, baseUrl, relativeUrl, headers,
contentType, hasBody, isFormEncoded, isMultipart);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // It is an error to invoke a method with the wrong arg types.
ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers = (ParameterHandler<Object>[]) parameterHandlers;
int argumentCount = args != null ? args.length : 0;
if (argumentCount != handlers.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument count (" + argumentCount
+ ") doesn't match expected count (" + handlers.length + ")");
}
for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) {
handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]);//这里是参数参数配置的核心，具体细节下一节会专门分析
}
return requestBuilder.build();
}
当拿到Okhttp的Request之后就是Okhttp的事情了，具体可以参考Okhttp相关文章。
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