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iOS下lldb中断点调试

iOS下lldb中断点调试

作者: 元哥830 | 来源:发表于2017-02-13 14:49 被阅读1765次

lldb下,相信大家用的较多的是po,或者使用条件断点。但是面对复杂的问题时,比如.a静态库,就需要其他调试方法了。

breakpoint

给某个文件的某一行下断点。可以使用如下两种方法,比如我想给Person.m文件的10行下一个断点。可以使用如下的方法。

(lldb) breakpoint set --file Person.m --line 10

如果出现如下提示则说明设置断点成功

Breakpoint 2: where = BreakPointDemo`-[Person foo] + 23 at Foo.m:10, address = 0x000000010b22e687

也可以使用简写的形式如下。

(lldb) breakpoint set -f Foo.m -l 10

给一个函数下断点

(lldb) breakpoint set --name foo
(lldb) breakpoint set -n foo

一次性给多个函数下断点

(lldb) breakpoint set --name foo --name bar

OC的方法,可以使用以下两种方式打断点,第二种S需要大写

(lldb) breakpoint set --selector foo

(lldb) breakpoint set -S foo

使用 正则匹配 你要打断点的函数。这个不限语言

(lldb) breakpoint set -r cFoo
(lldb) breakpoint set -r foo

也可以指定加载的动态库

(lldb) breakpoint set --shlib foo.dylib --name foo 
(lldb) breakpoint set -s foo.dylib -n foo

我们同样可以对命令进行简写。下面两个命令的效果是一样的

(lldb) breakpoint set -n "-[Foo foo]"
(lldb) br s -n "-[Foo foo]"

查看有多少断点可以使用

(lldb) breakpoint list

打印结果如下:

Current breakpoints:
1: file = '/Users/jianquan/Xcode/BreakPointDemo/BreakPointDemo/ViewController.m', line = 20, exact_match = 0, locations = 0 (pending)
2: file = '/Users/jianquan/Xcode/BreakPointDemo/BreakPointDemo/ViewController.mm', line = 33, exact_match = 0, locations = 1, resolved = 1, hit count = 0
  2.1: where = BreakPointDemo`::-[ViewController viewDidLoad]() + 186 at ViewController.mm:34, address = 0x0000000105f8362a, resolved, hit count = 0 
......

我们可以对断点进行相关的操作,比如在执行到2.1断点的时候打印追踪轨迹。bt是

(lldb) breakpoint command add 2.1
Enter your debugger command(s).  Type 'DONE' to end.
> bt
> DONE

删除所有断点

(lldb) breakpoint delete

watchpoint

观察变量值的具体变化
比如我需要观察某个变量a的值变化,我可以使用如下命令

(lldb) watchpoint set variable a

bt命令用来追踪程序的运行过程

(lldb) bt
* thread #1: tid = 0x5c52c2, 0x000000010ff465fe BreakPointDemo`::-[ViewController viewDidLoad](self=0x00007f932cc07c50, _cmd="viewDidLoad") + 158 at ViewController.mm:36, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = watchpoint 1
  * frame #0: 0x000000010ff465fe BreakPointDemo`::-[ViewController viewDidLoad](self=0x00007f932cc07c50, _cmd="viewDidLoad") + 158 at ViewController.mm:36
    frame #1: 0x000000011112ba3d UIKit`-[UIViewController loadViewIfRequired] + 1258
 ......

我们可以使用frame命令查看变量a的具体值。

(lldb) frame variable a
(int) a = 100

补充一点watchpoint list的东西。这个命令包括了三个可选参数,我们可以使用help命令查看具体的值

(lldb) help watchpoint list

       -b ( --brief )
            Give a brief description of the watchpoint (no location info).

       -f ( --full )
            Give a full description of the watchpoint and its locations.

       -v ( --verbose )
            Explain everything we know about the watchpoint (for debugging
            debugger bugs).

-b是比较简略的信息,-f是比较全面的信息,-v是完整的信息。经过我的实验,如果使用watchpoint list,默认的是 watchpoint list -f

process

使用process命令也可以做很多有趣的操作。具体能做什么,我们也可使用help命令查看

(lldb) process help

      attach    -- Attach to a process.
      connect   -- Connect to a remote debug service.
      continue  -- Continue execution of all threads in the current process.
      detach    -- Detach from the current target process.
      handle    -- Manage LLDB handling of OS signals for the current target
    ......

查看更详细的命令使用help <command> <subcommand>。比如

(lldb) help process attach

thread

其实这个功能主要就是断点调试里面的如下这个功能。


step-in.png

我们可以使用thread命令来做一些断点的操作,具体有那些命令我们可以使用thread help进行查看

(lldb) thread help

      ......

      select         -- Change the currently selected thread.
      step-in        -- Source level single step, stepping into calls. 
                        Defaults to current thread unless specified.
      step-inst      -- Instruction level single step, stepping into calls. 
                        Defaults to current thread unless specified.
      step-inst-over -- Instruction level single step, stepping over calls. 
                        Defaults to current thread unless specified.
      step-out       -- Finish executing the current stack frame and stop after
                        returning.  Defaults to current thread unless
                        specified.
      step-over      -- Source level single step, stepping over calls. 
                        Defaults to current thread unless specified.
      step-scripted  -- Step as instructed by the script class passed in the -C
                        option.
      until          -- Continue until a line number or address is reached by
                        the current or specified thread.  Stops when returning
                        from the current function as a safety measure.

用得比较多的应该是 step-开头的这几个命令,使用起来很容易。我个人感觉比用鼠标点击断点好用多了~
检查当前进程的状态,可以使用如下命令

lldb)  thread list
Process 22323 stopped
* thread #1: tid = 0x62d0d7, 0x00000001082185fe BreakPointDemo`::-[ViewController viewDidLoad](self=0x00007ff81b60ab20, _cmd="viewDidLoad") + 158 at ViewController.mm:36, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = step until
......```
*表明的就是当前的线程,可以使用如下的命令得到线程的回溯,这个词我也不确定怎么表达好,backtrace,也可以说是追踪。

(lldb) thread backtrace

  • thread #1: tid = 0x354e72, 0x0000000103ce94bc RunTimeUse`-[ViewController viewDidLoad](self=0x00007ffea04050e0, _cmd="viewDidLoad") + 140 at ViewController.m:24, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
    • frame #0: 0x0000000103ce94bc RunTimeUse-[ViewController viewDidLoad](self=0x00007ffea04050e0, _cmd="viewDidLoad") + 140 at ViewController.m:24 frame #1: 0x0000000104e21c99 UIKit-[UIViewController loadViewIfRequired] + 1258
      frame #2: 0x0000000104e220cc UIKit-[UIViewController view] + 27 frame #3: 0x0000000104cebc51 UIKit-[UIWindow addRootViewControllerViewIfPossible] + 71
      frame #4: 0x0000000104cec3a2 UIKit-[UIWindow _setHidden:forced:] + 293 frame #5: 0x0000000104cffcb5 UIKit-[UIWindow makeKeyAndVisible] + 42
      frame #6: 0x0000000104c78c89 UIKit-[UIApplication _callInitializationDelegatesForMainScene:transitionContext:] + 4818 frame #7: 0x0000000104c7ede9 UIKit-[UIApplication _runWithMainScene:transitionContext:completion:] + 1731
      frame #8: 0x0000000104c7bf69 UIKit-[UIApplication workspaceDidEndTransaction:] + 188 frame #9: 0x0000000107dd4723 FrontBoardServicesFBSSERIALQUEUE_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK + 24
      frame #10: 0x0000000107dd459c FrontBoardServices-[FBSSerialQueue _performNext] + 189 frame #11: 0x0000000107dd4925 FrontBoardServices-[FBSSerialQueue _performNextFromRunLoopSource] + 45
      frame #12: 0x0000000104802311 CoreFoundation__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 17 frame #13: 0x00000001047e759c CoreFoundation__CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 556
      frame #14: 0x00000001047e6a86 CoreFoundation__CFRunLoopRun + 918 frame #15: 0x00000001047e6494 CoreFoundationCFRunLoopRunSpecific + 420
      frame #16: 0x0000000104c7a7e6 UIKit-[UIApplication _run] + 434 frame #17: 0x0000000104c80964 UIKitUIApplicationMain + 159
      frame #18: 0x0000000103ce9b1f RunTimeUsemain(argc=1, argv=0x00007fff5bf165e8) + 111 at main.m:14 frame #19: 0x000000010763d68d libdyld.dylibstart + 1
      frame #20: 0x000000010763d68d libdyld.dylib`start + 1
当然我们如果想看所有线程的backtrace,可以使用thread backtrace all命令。内容太多,我这里就不演示log输出了。

如果我们想单独查看某个线程,我们可以先使用thread select 2跳到某个具体的线程,然后再进行其他操作,比如thread backtrace

为了方便的观测架构参数和本地变量,我们可以使用 frame variable 命令

如果我什么参数也不加,将会把所有的参数和本地变量到打印出来。

(lldb) frame variable
(ViewController *) self = 0x00007ffea04050e0
(SEL) _cmd = "viewDidLoad"
(Person *) p = 0x0000610000001940

要打印某个变量需要在参数里面指定,这个命令我们在前面也使用过,比如要查看self

(lldb) frame variable self
(ViewController *) self = 0x00007ff81b60ab20

更进一步,我们可以查看一些子元素

(lldb) frame variable self->isa
(Class) self->isa = ViewController

命令虽然不是完整的表达式解释器,当时可以识别一些基本的操作 比如 &, *, ->, [],不是重载运算符,数组也可以使用,因为数组本身也是指针。

(lldb) frame variable *self

(ViewController) *self = {
UIViewController = {
UIResponder = {
NSObject = {
isa = ViewController
}
......
}

和之前thread命令很类似,我可以使用frame select去选择另外的一个frame

(lldb) frame select 9

如果想看更复杂的数据,我们可以使用expression命令

(lldb) expression self
(ViewController *) $0 = 0x00007fefa4705110

更复杂一些,我们可以用来输出一个表达式

(lldb) expr (int) printf ("I have a pointer 0x%llx.\n", self)
I have a pointer 0x7fefa4705110.
(int) $1 = 33

#call
其实这个命令完全可以使用po进行替代,call一般可以用来调用不需要返回值的调试命令,比如更改View的背景颜色,以下两个命令都可以达到相似的作用,更改当前View的背景颜色值。

(lldb) po [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]
(lldb) call [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]

#image
这个比较实用,可用于寻找栈地址对应的代码位置。

//测试image命令使用
NSArray *a = @[@"1"];
NSLog(@"%@",a[1]);

很显然,数组越界了,以下显示崩溃信息

RunTimeUse[46698:3510999] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSRangeException', reason: '*** -[__NSSingleObjectArrayI objectAtIndex:]: index 1 beyond bounds [0 .. 0]'
*** First throw call stack:
(
0 CoreFoundation 0x000000010934d34b __exceptionPreprocess + 171
1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x0000000108dae21e objc_exception_throw + 48
2 CoreFoundation 0x00000001093a5bdf -[__NSSingleObjectArrayI objectAtIndex:] + 111
3 RunTimeUse 0x00000001087d9480 -[ViewController viewDidLoad] + 320
4 UIKit 0x0000000109911c99 -[UIViewController loadViewIfRequired] + 1258
5 UIKit 0x00000001099120cc -[UIViewController view] + 27
6 UIKit 0x00000001097dbc51 -[UIWindow addRootViewControllerViewIfPossible] + 71
7 UIKit 0x00000001097dc3a2 -[UIWindow _setHidden:forced:] + 293
8 UIKit 0x00000001097efcb5 -[UIWindow makeKeyAndVisible] + 42
9 UIKit 0x0000000109768c89 -[UIApplication _callInitializationDelegatesForMainScene:transitionContext:] + 4818
10 UIKit 0x000000010976ede9 -[UIApplication _runWithMainScene:transitionContext:completion:] + 1731
11 UIKit 0x000000010976bf69 -[UIApplication workspaceDidEndTransaction:] + 188
12 FrontBoardServices 0x000000010c8c4723 FBSSERIALQUEUE_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_BLOCK + 24
13 FrontBoardServices 0x000000010c8c459c -[FBSSerialQueue _performNext] + 189
14 FrontBoardServices 0x000000010c8c4925 -[FBSSerialQueue _performNextFromRunLoopSource] + 45
15 CoreFoundation 0x00000001092f2311 CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION + 17
16 CoreFoundation 0x00000001092d759c __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 556
17 CoreFoundation 0x00000001092d6a86 __CFRunLoopRun + 918
18 CoreFoundation 0x00000001092d6494 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 420
19 UIKit 0x000000010976a7e6 -[UIApplication _run] + 434
20 UIKit 0x0000000109770964 UIApplicationMain + 159
21 RunTimeUse 0x00000001087d9acf main + 111
22 libdyld.dylib 0x000000010c12d68d start + 1
)
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException
(lldb)

程序奔溃在3,地址为:0x00000001087d9480,
因为我的Demo名字叫RunTimeUse。其他的名字很明显是系统的库。虽然log的21行也有RunTimeUse,但是经过观察应该是main函数,不在考虑范围之内。
我们使用`image `的 `lookup`命令,可以很快的定位到具体的代码行。

(lldb) image lookup --address 0x00000001087d9480
Address: RunTimeUse[0x0000000100001480] (RunTimeUse.__TEXT.__text + 320)
Summary: RunTimeUse`-[ViewController viewDidLoad] + 320 at ViewController.m:28


![image-lookup-address.png](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i1654054/7dd117c55d5e5772.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
可以看出,奔溃在ViewController.m中的第28行。
当然还有一些LLDB的具体命令,我们可以在官网查看: [The LLDB Debugger](http://lldb.llvm.org/lldb-gdb.html)

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