今天要讲的话题,分析一篇社科类考研英语真题阅读(2000年 passage 1 )。真的。
先说背景知识,初中历史就学过的二战后世界格局的变化。二战后也就是20世纪美国大发战争横财,成就世界霸主地位。同时期的二战参与国都没有捞着好处,不要说战败国,连战胜国也劳民伤财。20世纪80年代,亚欧国家的崛起,世界格局又发生了改变。美国霸主地位动摇。
经济实力是影响一个国家国际地位的重要条件。经济是一个国家的基础,这篇文章从美国历史看经济发展规律,让我来充当小翻译,说说这些与人类密切相关的事情吧。
全文的总结:A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but if properly handed, it may become a driving force. 译文:(历史悠久的毫不费力的成功反而会变成糟糕的阻碍,但是,如果适当控制,长时间的顺利发展将变成发展动力。)
For example, in the United States
when the united states entered just a growing period after the end of the second world war, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 译文:(二战后美国进入一个全速发展时期,美国拥有比竞争者大八倍的市场,形成空前无双的经济规模。)
具体表现有:Its scientists were the world's best; its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dream of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. 译文:(美国的科学家是世界上最好的科学家,工人拥有最好技术,美国国富民强,是二战中经济损伤亚欧国家做梦都不敢想的事。)
时间转到20世界八十年代,In the mid-1980 s, Americans had found themselves at a lose over their fading industrial competitiveness. 译文:(20世纪八十年代中期,面对其日益衰退的产业竞争力,美国人感到不知所措。)
Some huge American industries such as consumer Electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. …Foreign-made cars and Textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. American's machine-tool industry was on the ropes。For a while it looked as though the making of Semiconductors,which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty. 译文:(面对国外竞争,一些大型的美国产业,如消费电子业,已经萎缩或倒闭。……外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在大举进入美国国内市场。美国的机床产业也岌岌可危。半导体是美国人发明的,并在计算机新时代处于核心地位。但有一段时间,半导体制造业似乎要成为下一个受害者。)
哲学上说,事物是发展的,是呈螺旋的、波浪的不断上升的过程。在实践基础上一步步探索真理。美国人对原先的做法做了反思,认识到经济手段应该有所改变,生产方式很大程度上影响经济发展速度。
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. American stopped taking prosperity for granted. they began to believe that their way of doing business was failing and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980 s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of American's industry decline。Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warning about growing competition from overseas. 译文:(所有这一切引发了一场信心危机。美国不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始相信自己商业经营方式不灵了,也相信不久他们的收入会因此而下降。80年代中期,人们不断地探究美国产业衰退的原因,偶尔一些耸人听闻的发现中充满着对海外竞争压力日益增长的警告之词。)
How things have changed!In 1995 The United states can look back five years of solid growth. While Japan has been struggling. Few American attribute this solely to such obvious cause as a devalued or the turning of business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. 译文:(情况变化尤为神速!1995年,当日本还在奋力挣扎的时候,美国却可以对五年的稳固发展作一回顾了。很少有美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或经济的周期循环这些显而易见的原因。于是,自我怀疑被盲目乐观所取代。)
文章重点讲述的东西差不多就到这里,最后作者的观点:美国经济在20世纪末的复苏其实是美元贬值或是经济周期循环带来的繁荣假象。
当一种货币贬值或降价出口,都反映了这种货币的影响力在减弱。经济发展如果长时间地陷入被动地位,很难再爬上一个高的位置。
历史总是反复上演,历史总是惊人的相似。如果一个国家能汲取历史的养分,就能防患未然,锐意进取!
文化经典价值永流传,文化的产品永不过时!我说的是考研英语没错吧!之前读的都是文学书籍,属于人文领域,今天突然想到要分析社会科学类的文章,这类文章比较人文类的较为理性,适合Joey琳的写文风格。挺好的,我这篇讲了什么你知道了吧,哈哈!
网友评论