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多线程之Thread的join方法

多线程之Thread的join方法

作者: 懒癌患者2018 | 来源:发表于2017-07-12 16:53 被阅读0次

    1.前言

    在java编程中多线程编程一直时一个重点和难点,今天分享一个多线程知识中的小点,关于Thread.join()方法。

    2.示例代码

    例子1

    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MainThread mainThread = new MainThread();
            JoinThread joinThread = new JoinThread(mainThread);
        }
    }
    
    class MainThread extends Thread{
    
        public MainThread(){
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("MainThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("MainThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("MainThread sleep is interrupt");
                }
            }
            System.out.println("MainThread is over");
        }
    }
    
    class JoinThread extends Thread{
    
        private Thread mainThread;
    
        public JoinThread(Thread thread){
            this.mainThread = thread;
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("JoinThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            try {
                mainThread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("JoinThread join is interrupt");
            }
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("JoinThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("JoinThread sleep is interrupt");
                }
            }
            System.out.println("JoinThread is over");
        }
    }
    

    输出:

    MainThread is start-(Thread-0)
    MainThread loop #0
    JoinThread is start-(Thread-1)
    MainThread loop #1
    MainThread loop #2
    MainThread loop #3
    MainThread loop #4
    MainThread is over
    JoinThread loop #0
    JoinThread loop #1
    JoinThread loop #2
    JoinThread loop #3
    JoinThread loop #4
    JoinThread is over
    

    从结果上可以看出,明明是两个线程,但是做到了顺序执行。由此可以得出结果:join的作用是加入线程的执行队列,前一个线程执行完成后,后一个线程才能执行。上面的例子中,mainthread先执行,然后jointhread加入,但是发现mainthread还在执行,就挂起自己等待mainthread执行完毕,再执行自己。

    例子2

    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MainThread mainThread = new MainThread();
            JoinThread joinThread = new JoinThread(mainThread);
        }
    }
    
    class MainThread extends Thread{
    
        public MainThread(){
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("MainThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("MainThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("MainThread sleep is interrupt");
                }
            }
            System.out.println("MainThread is over");
        }
    }
    
    class JoinThread extends Thread{
    
        private Thread mainThread;
    
        public JoinThread(Thread thread){
            this.mainThread = thread;
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("JoinThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            try {
                mainThread.join(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("JoinThread join is interrupt");
            }
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("JoinThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("JoinThread sleep is interrupt");
                }
            }
            System.out.println("JoinThread is over");
        }
    }
    

    结果:

    MainThread is start-(Thread-0)
    MainThread loop #0
    JoinThread is start-(Thread-1)
    MainThread loop #1
    MainThread loop #2
    JoinThread loop #0
    MainThread loop #3
    JoinThread loop #1
    MainThread loop #4
    JoinThread loop #2
    MainThread is over
    JoinThread loop #3
    JoinThread loop #4
    JoinThread is over
    

    例子2跟例子1的区别就一行代码mainThread.join(3000),这次给join方法加上了参数,其效果通俗的讲就是jointhread加入执行队列,但是就等了3秒,就退出了执行队列,自己执行任务去了。

    例子3

    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MainThread mainThread = new MainThread();
            JoinThread joinThread = new JoinThread(mainThread);
            new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mainThread.interrupt();
                }
            },2000);
        }
    }
    
    class MainThread extends Thread{
    
        public MainThread(){
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("MainThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("MainThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("MainThread sleep is interrupt");
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("MainThread is over");
        }
    }
    
    class JoinThread extends Thread{
    
        private Thread mainThread;
    
        public JoinThread(Thread thread){
            this.mainThread = thread;
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("JoinThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            try {
                mainThread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("JoinThread join is interrupt");
            }
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("JoinThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("JoinThread sleep is interrupt");
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("JoinThread is over");
        }
    }
    

    结果:

    MainThread is start-(Thread-0)
    MainThread loop #0
    JoinThread is start-(Thread-1)
    MainThread loop #1
    MainThread loop #2
    MainThread sleep is interrupt
    MainThread is over
    JoinThread loop #0
    JoinThread loop #1
    JoinThread loop #2
    JoinThread loop #3
    JoinThread loop #4
    JoinThread is over
    

    这个例子设置了一个定时器让mainthread被打断,不能正常执行完。发现只要mainthread不存活了(isAlve()返回为假),jointhread就会马上接着执行

    例子4

    public class Main {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MainThread mainThread = new MainThread();
            JoinThread joinThread = new JoinThread(mainThread);
            new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    joinThread.interrupt();
                }
            },2000);
        }
    }
    
    class MainThread extends Thread{
    
        public MainThread(){
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("MainThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("MainThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("MainThread sleep is interrupt");
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("MainThread is over");
        }
    }
    
    class JoinThread extends Thread{
    
        private Thread mainThread;
    
        public JoinThread(Thread thread){
            this.mainThread = thread;
            start();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("JoinThread is start-("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+")");
            try {
                mainThread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("JoinThread join is interrupt");
            }
            for (int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++){
                System.out.println("JoinThread loop #"+i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("JoinThread sleep is interrupt");
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("JoinThread is over");
        }
    }
    

    结果:

    MainThread is start-(Thread-0)
    MainThread loop #0
    JoinThread is start-(Thread-1)
    MainThread loop #1
    MainThread loop #2
    JoinThread join is interrupt
    JoinThread loop #0
    MainThread loop #3
    JoinThread loop #1
    JoinThread loop #2
    MainThread loop #4
    JoinThread loop #3
    MainThread is over
    JoinThread loop #4
    JoinThread is over
    

    从结果上看,jointhread挂起等待的行为也会打断,打断后jointhread退出执行队列,自己完成任务

    3.总结

    java1.5以后,java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier这个类可能比最初的线程类库中的join()更加合适,以后我们来探讨CyclicBarrier的使用

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