LONDON (Reuters) - Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci’s litany of exquisite but unfinished work shows he probably had an attention disorder common to modern society.
伦敦(路透社)——文艺复兴天才列奥纳多·达·芬奇的一长串精美但未完成的作品表明，他可能患有现代社会常见的注意力紊乱症。
That is the view of psychiatry professor Marco Catani, who believes Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) explains both da Vinci’s chronic procrastination and his creative drive in the arts and sciences.
这是精神病学教授马可·卡塔尼的观点，他认为注意力缺陷和多动症(ADHD)可以解释达芬奇的慢性拖延症和他在艺术和科学领域的创造力。
“I am confident ADHD is the most convincing and scientifically plausible hypothesis to explain Leonardo’s difficulty in finishing his works,” Catani,of King’s College in London, argued in a scientific paper published on Friday.
“我相信ADHD是最有说服力和科学合理的假设，可以解释列奥纳多在完成作品时遇到的困难，”伦敦国王学院的Catani在周五发表的一篇科学论文中指出。Even the Italian’s most famous work, the Mona Lisa portrait, was not completely finished.
甚至意大利最著名的作品《蒙娜丽莎》也没有完成。
Most commonly recognized in children,ADHD is now increasingly being diagnosed in adults, including people with successful careers. Symptoms include an inability to complete tasks,mind-wandering, and mental and physical restlessness.
ADHD在儿童中最常见，现在越来越多的成年人被诊断为ADHD，包括事业有成的人。症状包括无法完成任务，走神，精神和身体的不安。
Laying out his hypothesis in the scientific journal BRAIN, Catani said historical records show da Vinci’s struggles with sticking to tasks were pervasive from childhood.
卡塔尼在科学期刊《大脑》上发表了他的假设。他说，历史记录显示，达芬奇从童年起就一直在努力坚持完成任务。
Accounts from biographers and contemporaries show he was constantly on the go, Catani said, often jumping from task to task. And like many people with ADHD, da Vinci got very little sleep and often worked continuously night-and-day.
卡塔尼说，传记作家和同时代人的记录显示，他一直在忙碌，经常从一个任务跳到另一个任务。和许多患有多动症的人一样，达芬奇睡眠很少，经常夜以继日地工作。
Catani, a specialist in ADHD, brain anatomy and Renaissance science, said his analysis found da Vinci spent“excessive time planning projects” but lacked perseverance.
卡塔尼是多动症、大脑解剖学和文艺复兴时期科学方面的专家。他说，他的分析发现，达芬奇花了“过多的时间规划项目”，但缺乏毅力。
“ADHD could explain aspects of Leonardo’s temperament and his strange mercurial genius,” he said.
他说:“多动症可以解释列奥纳多性格的某些方面，以及他奇怪的反复无常的天才。”
Historical accounts, Catani added, also show Leonardo was left-handed and probably had two other characteristics of people with attention deficit disorder:dyslexia and a linguistic dominance in the right-hand side of his brain.
卡塔尼补充说，历史记载还表明，达芬奇是左撇子，他可能还具有注意力缺陷障碍患者的另外两个特征:诵读困难和大脑右侧的语言优势。
In a telephone interview, Catani lamented misconceptions that people with ADHD are generally disruptive children of low intelligence and “destined for a troubled life”.
在一次电话采访中，卡塔尼对人们的错误观念表示遗憾，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的人通常是具有低智商和“注定生活困难”的破坏性儿童。
He hoped his analysis of da Vinci would combat such stigma and help those affected.
他希望他对达芬奇的分析能消除这种耻辱，并帮助那些受影响的人。
“Leonardo considered himself as someone who had failed in life - which is incredible,” he said. “I hope (this case)shows that ADHD is not linked to low IQor lack of creativity, but rather the difficulty of capitalizing on natural talents.”
他说:“列奥纳多认为自己是一个生活中失败的人，这令人难以置信。我希望(这个案例)表明，多动症与智商低或缺乏创造力无关，而是与利用天赋的困难有关。”
------扇贝阅读（2019-06-03）
Renaissance n. 文艺复兴
genius n. 天才，天赋；精神
litany n.冗长而枯燥的陈述；连祷
exquisite n.服饰过于讲究的男子 adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；剧烈的
psychiatry n.精神病学；精神病治疗法
deficit n.赤字；不足额
Hyperactivity n.极度活跃；活动过度
procrastination n.耽搁，拖延；拖延症
chronic adj.慢性的；长期的；习惯性的
plausible adj.貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真实的，貌似有理的
hypothesis n.假设
portrait n.肖像；描写；半身雕塑像
diagnosed v.诊断；被诊断为（diagnose的过去分词）
pervasive adj.普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的
biographers n.传记作者
contemporaries n.同龄，同辈人（contemporary复数形式）
perseverance n.坚持不懈；不屈不挠 n.耐性；毅力
temperament n.气质，性情，性格；急躁
mercurial adj.水银的；水星的；墨丘利神的；雄辩机智的；活泼善变的 n.汞剂；水银剂
linguistic adj.语言的；语言学的
dominance n.优势；统治；支配
dyslexia n.难语症；[医] 诵读困难；阅读障碍
lamented adj.令人悼念的；哀悼的 v.哀悼（lament 的过去式和过去分词）
combat adj.战斗的；为……斗争的 v.与……战斗；防止，抑制（尤用于新闻报道）
stigma n. 耻辱;羞耻; (花的) 柱头
dyslexia and a linguistic dominance 阅读障碍和语言优势
litany of exquisite 精致的连篇
the most convincing and scientifically plausible hypothesis 最具说服力和科学合理性的假设
mind-wandering 走神
mental and physical restlessness 身心不安
lay out 展示；安排；花钱；为…划样；提议
attention deficit disorder 注意缺失紊乱；注意力缺损/缺失症
combat such stigma 打击这种耻辱
capitalizing on 有效利用
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