Responses
Responses - A utility for mocking out the Python Requests library，主要用于Web Service mocking。
安装
使用pip3 install responses
基本使用
responses的使用主要是靠修饰器@responses.activate实现setup和teardown，以及responses.add()加入期望的返回值
import responses
import requests
from unittest import TestCase
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
class Demo(TestCase):
#进行responses的setup和teardown
@responses.activate
def test_basic(self):
#确定response的详细内容
responses.add(responses.GET,
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard',
json={
'team': 'San Antonio Spurs',
'personal': {
'DOB': '6/29/1991',
'Ht': '67',
'Wt': '230'
}
},
status=200)
expected_Kawhi_profile = {
'team' : 'San Antonio Spurs',
'personal' : {
'DOB' : '6/29/1991',
'Ht' : '67',
'Wt' : '230'
}
}
#发送了两次请求
resp = requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
resp1 = requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
#对获得的response进行验证
self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200)
self.assertEqual(resp1.json(), expected_Kawhi_profile)
#responses.calls会记录所有的请求响应情况，可以利用起来进行验证
self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls), 2)
self.assertEqual(responses.calls[0].request.url, 'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
self.assertEqual(responses.calls[1].response.text, '{"team": "San Antonio Spurs", "personal": {"DOB": "6/29/1991", "Ht": "67", "Wt": "230"}}')
# 错误的请求地址 验证会产生ConnectionError
with self.assertRaises(ConnectionError):
requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/')
@responses.activate
def test_error(self):
#响应的body设置为Exception()，模拟出错的情况
responses.add(responses.GET,
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/error',
body = Exception(),
status=500
)
#验证异常被raise
with self.assertRaises(Exception):
requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/error')
我们可以直接把响应写在add()里，也可以按照下面的方式传递：
import responses
responses.add(
responses.Response(
method='GET',
url='http://example.com',
),
)
Dynamic Responses
如果我们不想要返回固定的body，而是根据请求的不同返回不同的body，这个就需要responses.add_callback()功能。具体做法很简单，写一个callback方法处理request，然后返回一个tuple(status, headers, body)，然后callback方法作为参数传入到responses.add_callback()中，相当于设置好了返回的status code， header和body。
@responses.activate
def test_dynamic_responses_text(self):
#定义callback方法，request请求会作为参数传入方法体，进行处理
def request_callback(request):
headers = {}
return (200, headers, str(request.body) + " this is from dynamic")
#使用add_callback()定义请求，callback关键参数传入处理方法
responses.add_callback(responses.POST,
"https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/foo",
callback = request_callback,
content_type = 'text/plain'
)
resp = requests.post("https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/foo", "I am request")
#验证响应文本是否被动态处理，
self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200)
self.assertEqual(resp.headers, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'})
self.assertEqual(resp.text, "I am request this is from dynamic")
@responses.activate
def test_dynamic_responses_json(self):
#这个例子处理json
def request_callback(request):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Firefox/12.0'}
payload.update({'result': 'pass'})
resp_body = payload
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(responses.POST,
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/createplayer',
callback=request_callback,
content_type='application/json')
request_json_body = {'name': 'Di', 'gender': 'male'}
resp = requests.post(
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/createplayer',
json.dumps(request_json_body)
)
self.assertEqual(resp.json(), {"name": "Di", "gender": "male", "result": "pass"})
self.assertEqual(len(responses.calls), 1)
self.assertEqual(responses.calls[0].request.url, 'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/createplayer')
self.assertEqual(responses.calls[0].response.text, '{"name": "Di", "gender": "male", "result": "pass"}')
self.assertEqual(responses.calls[0].response.headers['User-Agent'], 'Firefox/12.0')
使用context manager来定义response
除了上面说的@responses.activate和responses.add()方法外，responses也支持with关键字，作为context manager来定义。
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-os
import responses
import requests
from unittest import TestCase
#不需要使用@responses.activate
class Demo1(TestCase):
def test_context_manager(self):
#使用with关键字和responses.RequestsMock()
with responses.RequestsMock() as resp:
#同样使用add()方法定义
resp.add(resp.GET,
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard',
json={
'team': 'San Antonio Spurs',
'personal': {
'DOB': '6/29/1991',
'Ht': '67',
'Wt': '230'
}},
status=200,
content_type='application/json'
)
expected_Kawhi_profile = {
'team' : 'San Antonio Spurs',
'personal' : {
'DOB' : '6/29/1991',
'Ht' : '67',
'Wt' : '230'
}
}
# 发送了两次请求
resps = requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
resps1 = requests.get('https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
# 对获得的response进行验证
self.assertEqual(resps.status_code, 200)
self.assertEqual(resps1.json(), expected_Kawhi_profile)
# responses.calls会记录所有的请求响应情况，可以利用起来进行验证
#这里的responses就是with关键字定义的名称
self.assertEqual(len(resp.calls), 2)
self.assertEqual(resp.calls[0].request.url, 'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard')
self.assertEqual(resp.calls[1].response.text,
'{"team": "San Antonio Spurs", "personal": {"DOB": "6/29/1991", "Ht": "67", "Wt": "230"}}')
当定义的mock service没有被访问的时候，AssertionError: Not all requests have been executed会被raise，这时候需要设置参数assert_all_requests_are_fired=False来避免这个异常。
def test_requests_fired(self):
# 设置assert_all_requests_are_fired来避免AssertionError: Not all requests have been executed`
with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as resp:
# 同样使用add()方法定义
resp.add(resp.GET,
'https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/kawhi_leonard',
json={
'team': 'San Antonio Spurs',
'personal': {
'DOB': '6/29/1991',
'Ht': '67',
'Wt': '230'
}},
status=200,
content_type='application/json'
)
同样的，我们也可以定制化responses，这里需要使用response_callback参数。
def test_callback(self):
#定义response_callback方法，接受一个responses为参数，返回一个responses
#这个例子中我们给responses加了一个属性
def response_callback(resp):
resp.result = 'pass'
return resp
with responses.RequestsMock(response_callback=response_callback) as stub:
stub.add(responses.GET,
"https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/foo",
body="I am body"
)
resps = requests.get("https://nbaplayerprofile.com/api/1/foo", "I am request")
self.assertEqual(resps.text, "I am body")
#验证callback方法写入的新属性
self.assertEqual(resps.result, "pass")
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