源码解析
Semaphore(信号量),这个类是用来控制并发时线程的数量的,首先这个类是实现了序列化接口
public class Semaphore implements Serializable
(序列化)
我们主要来看看内部的一个结构和主要的方法acquire(获得)和release(释放)方法
其中这个类中有几个内部类,首先是抽象类 Sync 继承了同步器,
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1192457210091910933L;
//构造方法,设置了同步状态的值
Sync(int permits) {
setState(permits);
}
//返回当前的同步状态的值
final int getPermits() {
return getState();
}
//尝试获取不公平的锁
final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
for (;;) {
//得到的同步状态的值
int available = getState();
//根据得到的值尝试修改同步状态的值
int remaining = available - acquires;
if (remaining < 0 ||
compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
return remaining;
}
}
//尝试释放锁
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
for (;;) {
//获取当前同步状态的值
int current = getState();
int next = current + releases;
if (next < current) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum permit count exceeded");
// 根据得到的值尝试修改同步状态的值
if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
return true;
}
}
//减少同步状态值
final void reducePermits(int reductions) {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
int next = current - reductions;
if (next > current) // underflow
throw new Error("Permit count underflow");
if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
return;
}
}
//返回剩余的同步状态值
final int drainPermits() {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
if (current == 0 || compareAndSetState(current, 0))
return current;
}
}
}
然后分别有两个静态的内部类 NonfairSync(不公平模式)和FairSync(公平模式)实现了抽象类Sync,可以看到分别重写了同步器中的tryAcquireShared方法,下面是源码
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2694183684443567898L;
//调用了父类的构造函数
NonfairSync(int permits) {
super(permits);
}
//尝试获取锁,实际调用父类的nonfairTryAcquireShared方法
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquireShared(acquires);
}
}
/**
* Fair version
*/
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2014338818796000944L;
//调用了父类的构造方法
FairSync(int permits) {
super(permits);
}
//可以看到和父类的方法中,只是多了一个hasQueuedPredecessors方法来先判断当前的
// 对列中是否还有任务
protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
for (;;) {
//判断当前的队列中是否还有任务
if (hasQueuedPredecessors())
return -1;
int available = getState();
int remaining = available - acquires;
if (remaining < 0 ||
compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
return remaining;
}
}
接下来是构造方法
//默认创建一个同步状态值为permits的不公平模式
public Semaphore(int permits) {
sync = new NonfairSync(permits);
}
//根据boolean判断生成不公平还是公平的模式
public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync(permits) : new NonfairSync(permits);
}
然后是acquire() 方法
//设置每个线程每个线程需要占用的同步状态值 默认为1
public void acquire() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
//自定义每个线程每个线程需要占用的同步状态值
public void acquire(int permits) throws InterruptedException {
//必须大于0,否则抛出异常
if (permits < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(permits);
}
然后是release方法
//释放当前线程所占用的同步状态值,默认为1
public void release() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
//释放当前线程所占用的同步状态值
public void release(int permits) {
//必须大于0 否则抛出异常
if (permits < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
sync.releaseShared(permits);
}
下面是一个Semaphore使用的示例
public class Demo extends Thread {
private Semap semap;
public Demo(Semap semap){
this.semap=semap;
}
@Override
public void run(){
semap.Test();
}
}
public class Semap {
//设置一个同步值为3的Semaphore
Semaphore semaphore=new Semaphore(3);
public void Test(){
try {
//设置每个线程要占用的同步值 默认为1
semaphore.acquire();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始: " + LocalTime.now());
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束: " + LocalTime.now());
//释放所占用的状态值
semaphore.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//运行
public class SemaphoreDemo{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Semap semap=new Semap();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
new Demo(semap).start();
}
}
}
//运行结果
Thread-0 开始: 15:35:38.643
Thread-1 开始: 15:35:38.643
Thread-2 开始: 15:35:38.643
Thread-0 结束: 15:35:39.643
Thread-1 结束: 15:35:39.643
Thread-2 结束: 15:35:39.643
Thread-4 开始: 15:35:39.643
Thread-3 开始: 15:35:39.643
Thread-3 结束: 15:35:40.644
Thread-4 结束: 15:35:40.644
总结
可以看出来其实Semaphore内部其实是根据同步状态的值来限制并发的时线程的数量,当同步状态值为0时,后来的线程将被阻塞,直到有线程释放。
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