一、Socket
到底是什么?
1、Socket
原理
1.1、套接字(Socket)
概念
套接字(Socket)
是通信的基石,是支持TCP/IP
或者UDP/IP
协议的网络通信的基本操作单元/编程接口(如下图)。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示,包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息:连接使用的协议
,本地主机的IP地址
,本地进程的协议端口
,远地主机的IP地址
,远地进程的协议端口
。
1.2、给套接字赋予地址
依照建立套接字的目的不同,赋予套接字地址的方式有两种:服务器端使用bind
,客户端使用connect
。
bind
:给服务器端中的套接字赋予通信的地址和端口,IP
和Port
便可以区分一个TCP/IP
链接通道,如果要区分特定的主机间链接,还需要提供Hostname
。
connect
:客户端向特定网络地址的服务器发送连接请求。
1.3、建立Socket
连接
建立Socket
连接至少需要一对套接字,其中一个运行于客户端,称为ClientSocket
,另一个运行于服务器端,称为ServerSocket
。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤:服务器监听(bind、listen)
,客户端请求(connect)
,连接确认(accept)
。
1.4TCP
连接
创建Socket
链接时,可以制定不同的传输层协议(TCP
或UDP
),当使用TCP
协议进行链接时,该Socket
链接便是TCP
链接。
TCP连接建立(三次握手)----客户端执行connect
触发
(1)第一次握手:Client
将标志位SYN
置为1
,随机产生一个值seq=J
,并将该数据包发送给Server
,Client
进入SYN_SENT
状态,等待Server
确认。
(2)第二次握手:Server
收到数据包后由标志位SYN=1
知道Client
请求建立连接,Server
将标志位SYN
和ACK
都置为1
,ack=J+1
,随机产生一个值seq=K
,并将该数据包发送给Client
以确认连接请求,Server
进入SYN_RCVD
状态。
(3)第三次握手:Client
收到确认后,检查ack
是否为J+1
,ACK
是否为1
,如果正确则将标志位ACK
置为1
,ack=K+1
,并将该数据包发送给Server
,Server
检查ack
是否为K+1
,ACK
是否为1
,如果正确则连接建立成功,Client
和Server
进入ESTABLISHED
状态,完成三次握手,随后Client
与Server
之间可以开始传输数据了。
TCP连接终止(四次挥手)----客户端或服务端执行close
触发
(1)第一次挥手:Client
发送一个FIN
,用来关闭Client
到Server
的数据传送,Client
进入FIN_WAIT_1
状态。
(2)第二次挥手:Server
收到FIN
后,发送一个ACK
给Client
,确认序号为收到序号+1
(与SYN
相同,一个FIN
占用一个序号),Server
进入CLOSE_WAIT
状态。
(3)第三次挥手:Server
发送一个FIN
,用来关闭Server
到Client
的数据传送,Server
进入LAST_ACK
状态。
(4)第四次挥手:Client
收到FIN
后,Client
进入TIME_WAIT
状态,接着发送一个ACK
给Server
,确认序号为收到序号+1
,Server
进入CLOSED
状态,完成四次挥手。
2、客户端/服务器端模式的理解
首先服务器先启动对端口的监听,等待客户端的链接请求。
服务器端:
(1)服务器调用socket
创建Socket
;
(2)服务器调用listen
设置缓冲区;
(3)服务器通过accept
接受客户端请求建立连接;
(4)服务器与客户端建立连接之后,就可以通过send
/receive
向客户端发送或从客户端接收数据;
(5)服务器调用close
关闭 Socket
;
客户端:
(1)客户端调用socket
创建Socket
;
(2)客户端调用connect
向服务器发起连接请求以建立连接;
(3)客户端与服务器建立连接之后,就可以通过send
/receive
向客户端发送或从客户端接收数据;
(4)客户端调用close
关闭Socket
;
二、基于C
的BSD Socket
客户端的实现
1、接口介绍
//socket 创建并初始化 socket,返回该 socket 的文件描述符,如果描述符为 -1 表示创建失败。
int socket(int addressFamily, int type,int protocol)
//关闭socket连接
int close(int socketFileDescriptor)
//将 socket 与特定主机地址与端口号绑定,成功绑定返回0,失败返回 -1。
int bind(int socketFileDescriptor,sockaddr *addressToBind,int addressStructLength)
//接受客户端连接请求并将客户端的网络地址信息保存到 clientAddress 中。
int accept(int socketFileDescriptor,sockaddr *clientAddress, int clientAddressStructLength)
//客户端向特定网络地址的服务器发送连接请求,连接成功返回0,失败返回 -1。
int connect(int socketFileDescriptor,sockaddr *serverAddress, int serverAddressLength)
//使用 DNS 查找特定主机名字对应的 IP 地址。如果找不到对应的 IP 地址则返回 NULL。
hostent* gethostbyname(char *hostname)
//通过 socket 发送数据,发送成功返回成功发送的字节数,否则返回 -1。
int send(int socketFileDescriptor, char *buffer, int bufferLength, int flags)
//从 socket 中读取数据,读取成功返回成功读取的字节数,否则返回 -1。
int receive(int socketFileDescriptor,char *buffer, int bufferLength, int flags)
//通过UDP socket 发送数据到特定的网络地址,发送成功返回成功发送的字节数,否则返回 -1。
int sendto(int socketFileDescriptor,char *buffer, int bufferLength, int flags, sockaddr *destinationAddress, int destinationAddressLength)
//从UDP socket 中读取数据,并保存发送者的网络地址信息,读取成功返回成功读取的字节数,否则返回 -1 。
int recvfrom(int socketFileDescriptor,char *buffer, int bufferLength, int flags, sockaddr *fromAddress, int *fromAddressLength)
2、实现
BSDSocketManager.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface BSDSocketManager : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) void(^returnStateInformation)(NSString *stateInformation);
+ (instancetype)shareInstance;
- (void)connectToHost:(NSString *)ip port:(NSNumber *)port;
- (void)disConnect;
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message;
BSDSocketManager.m
#import "BSDSocketManager.h"
#import <arpa/inet.h>
#import <netdb.h>
@interface BSDSocketManager ()
@property (nonatomic, assign) int socketFileDescriptor;
@property (nonatomic, assign, getter=isCanRecieveMessage) BOOL canRecieveMessage;
@end
@implementation BSDSocketManager
+ (instancetype)shareInstance {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
static BSDSocketManager *manager = nil;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
manager = [[self alloc] init];
});
return manager;
}
#pragma mark - 连接
- (void)connectToHost:(NSString *)ip port:(NSNumber *)port {
//每次链接前,先断开连接
if (self.socketFileDescriptor != 0) {
[self disConnect];
self.socketFileDescriptor = 0;
}
/**创建客户端socket
创建一个socket,返回值为int。(socket类型就是int类型)
第一个参数(addressFamily): IPv4(AF_INET) 或者 IPv6(AF_INET6)
第二个参数(type): socket类型,通常是流stream(SOCK_STREAM) 或数据报文datagram(SOCK_DGRAM)
第三个参数(protocol): 通常设置为0,以便让系统自动为选择我们合适的协议,对于 stream socket 来说会是 TCP 协议(IPPROTO_TCP),而对于 datagram来说会是 UDP 协议(IPPROTO_UDP)
*/
self.socketFileDescriptor = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (self.socketFileDescriptor == -1) {
NSLog(@"创建链接失败");
return;
}
//设置sockaddr_in结构体
struct sockaddr_in socketParameters = {0};
socketParameters.sin_len = sizeof(socketParameters);
//设置IPv4
socketParameters.sin_family = AF_INET;
//使用 DNS 查找特定主机名字对应的 IP 地址
struct hostent *remoteHostEnt = gethostbyname([ip UTF8String]);
if (remoteHostEnt == NULL) {
[self disConnect];
NSLog(@"找不到IP地址");
return;
}
struct in_addr *remoteInAddr = (struct in_addr *)remoteHostEnt->h_addr_list[0];
socketParameters.sin_addr = *remoteInAddr;
//htons是将整形变量从主机字节顺序转变成网络字节顺序,赋值端口号
socketParameters.sin_port = htons([port intValue]);
/**用scoket和服务端地址,发起连接
客户端向特定网络地址的服务器发送连接请求,连接成功返回0,失败返回 -1。
注意:该接口调用会阻塞当前线程,直到服务器返回。
*/
int ret = connect(self.socketFileDescriptor, (struct sockaddr *)&socketParameters, sizeof(socketParameters));
if (ret == -1) {
[self disConnect];
NSLog(@"连接失败");
return;
}
NSLog(@"连接成功");
self.canRecieveMessage = YES;
[self recieveMessage];
}
#pragma mark - 断开链接
- (void)disConnect {
//关闭连接
int ret = close(self.socketFileDescriptor);
if (ret == -1) {
NSLog(@"断开链接失败");
return;
}
NSLog(@"断开链接成功");
self.canRecieveMessage = NO;
}
#pragma mark - 发送消息
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message {
const char *sendMessage = [message UTF8String];
ssize_t ret = send(self.socketFileDescriptor, sendMessage, strlen(sendMessage) + 1, 0);
if (ret == -1) {
NSLog(@"发送失败");
return;
}
NSLog(@"发送成功");
}
#pragma mark - 接收服务器发送的消息
- (void)recieveMessage {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
__weak typeof(self) weak_Self = self;
[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.2 repeats:YES block:^(NSTimer * _Nonnull timer) {
__strong typeof(weak_Self) self = weak_Self;
char revieveMessage[1024] = {0};
if (recv(self.socketFileDescriptor, revieveMessage, sizeof(revieveMessage), 0) != -1) {
NSLog(@"接收到消息:%s", revieveMessage);
}
}];
while (self.isCanRecieveMessage) {
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.1]];
}
});
}
@end
三、基于Socket
原生的CocoaAsyncSocket
客户端的实现
GCDSocketManager.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface GCDSocketManager : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) void(^returnStateInformation)(NSString *stateInformation);
+ (instancetype)shareInstance;
- (BOOL)connectToHost:(NSString *)ip port:(NSNumber *)port;
- (void)disConnect;
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message;
@end
GCDSocketManager.m
#import "GCDSocketManager.h"
#import <CocoaAsyncSocket/GCDAsyncSocket.h>
@interface GCDSocketManager ()<GCDAsyncSocketDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) GCDAsyncSocket *client;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int fileLength;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableData *receiveData;
@end
@implementation GCDSocketManager
//读取数据长度
static int readLength = 4;
+ (instancetype)shareInstance {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
static GCDSocketManager *manager = nil;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
manager = [[GCDSocketManager alloc] init];
});
return manager;
}
- (GCDAsyncSocket *)client {
if (!_client) {
_client = [[GCDAsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self delegateQueue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
}
return _client;
}
//建立连接
- (BOOL)connectToHost:(NSString *)ip port:(NSNumber *)port {
return [self.client connectToHost:ip onPort:port.intValue error:nil];
}
//断开连接
- (void)disConnect {
[self.client disconnect];
}
//发送消息
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message {
NSMutableData *sendData = [NSMutableData data];
NSData *data = [message dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
int dataLength = (int)[data length];
NSData *lengthData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&dataLength length:sizeof(int)];
[sendData appendData:lengthData];//发送数据长度
[sendData appendData:data];//发送数据实体
//第二个参数,请求超时时间
[self.client writeData:sendData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}
#pragma mark - <代理方法>
//连接成功的调用
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(uint16_t)port {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"连接成功,host:%@,port:%d", host, port]);
[self.client readDataToLength:sizeof(int) withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
self.fileLength = 0;
//MARK: - 心跳检测写在这...
}
//断开连接的调用
- (void)socketDidDisconnect:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock withError:(NSError *)err {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"断开连接,host:%@,port:%d", sock.localHost, sock.localPort]);
//MARK: - 断线重连写在这...
}
//发送消息成功的回调
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"发送消息,host:%@,port:%d", sock.localHost, sock.localPort]);
}
//发送分段消息成功的回调
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didWritePartialDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)partialLength tag:(long)tag {
}
//为上一次设置的发送数据代理续时 (如果设置超时为-1,则永远不会调用到)
- (NSTimeInterval)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock shouldTimeoutWriteWithTag:(long)tag elapsed:(NSTimeInterval)elapsed bytesDone:(NSUInteger)length {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"来延时,tag:%ld,elapsed:%f,length:%ld",tag,elapsed,length]);
return 10;
}
//收到消息的回调
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag {
int fileLength = 0;
if (self.fileLength == 0) {
self.receiveData = [NSMutableData data];
[data getBytes:&fileLength length:sizeof(int)];
self.fileLength = fileLength;
}
if (!fileLength) {
[self.receiveData appendData:data];
}
if ([self.receiveData length] < self.fileLength) {
int leftoverLength = (int)(self.fileLength - [self.receiveData length]);
if (leftoverLength < readLength) {
[sock readDataToLength:leftoverLength withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
} else {
[sock readDataToLength:readLength withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
}
} else {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"接收数据为:%@",[[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.receiveData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]);
//再次开启
[self.client readDataToLength:sizeof(int) withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
self.fileLength = 0;
}
}
//收到分段消息的回调
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadPartialDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)partialLength tag:(long)tag {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu",(unsigned long)partialLength]);
}
//为上一次设置的读取数据代理续时 (如果设置超时为-1,则永远不会调用到)
- (NSTimeInterval)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock shouldTimeoutReadWithTag:(long)tag elapsed:(NSTimeInterval)elapsed bytesDone:(NSUInteger)length {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"来延时,tag:%ld,elapsed:%f,length:%ld",tag,elapsed,length]);
return 10;
}
@end
四、基于CocoaAsyncSocket
Mac服务器的实现
GCDSocketManager.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface GCDSocketManager : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) void(^returnStateInformation)(NSString *stateInformation);
+ (instancetype)shareInstance;
- (BOOL)acceptOnPort:(NSNumber *)port;
- (void)disConnect;
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message;
@end
GCDSocketManager.m
#import "GCDSocketManager.h"
#import <CocoaAsyncSocket/GCDAsyncSocket.h>
@interface GCDSocketManager ()<GCDAsyncSocketDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) GCDAsyncSocket *server;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *clientArrsSocket;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int fileLength;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableData *receiveData;
@end
@implementation GCDSocketManager
//读取数据长度
static int readLength = 4;
+ (instancetype)shareInstance {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
static GCDSocketManager *manager = nil;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
manager = [[GCDSocketManager alloc] init];
});
return manager;
}
//创建服务器链接管道
- (GCDAsyncSocket *)server {
if (!_server) {
_server = [[GCDAsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self delegateQueue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
}
return _server;
}
- (NSMutableArray *)clientArrsSocket {
if (!_clientArrsSocket) {
_clientArrsSocket = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return _clientArrsSocket;
}
#pragma mark - <对外接口>
//通过socket 监听\绑定
- (BOOL)acceptOnPort:(NSNumber *)port {
NSError *error;
BOOL result = [self.server acceptOnPort:port.intValue error:&error];
if (!error) {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"正在监听:host:%@,port:%d", self.server.localHost, self.server.localPort]);
} else {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"监听失败:error:%@", error.localizedFailureReason]);
}
return result;
}
//断开链接
- (void)disConnect {
[self.server disconnect];
}
//发送消息
- (void)sendMessage:(NSString *)message {
NSMutableData *sendData = [NSMutableData data];
NSData *data = [message dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
int dataLength = (int)[data length];
NSData *lengthData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&dataLength length:sizeof(int)];
[sendData appendData:lengthData];//发送数据长度
[sendData appendData:data];//发送数据实体
//第二个参数,请求超时时间
for (GCDAsyncSocket *newSocket in self.clientArrsSocket) {
[newSocket writeData:sendData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];
}
}
#pragma mark - <代理方法>
//新的客户端连接监听的Socket服务器端口
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didAcceptNewSocket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)newSocket {
//保存newSocket,解决clientsocket是局部变量导致连接关闭的状况
[self.clientArrsSocket addObject:newSocket];
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"端口链入:host:%@,port:%d", newSocket.localHost, newSocket.localPort]);
//通过制定newScoket 读取数据(只能读取1条数据)
[newSocket readDataToLength:sizeof(int) withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
self.fileLength = 0;
//MARK: - 心跳检测写在这...
}
//断开监听
- (void)socketDidDisconnect:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock withError:(NSError *)err {
if ([self.clientArrsSocket containsObject:sock]) {
[self.clientArrsSocket removeObject:sock];
}
//MARK: - 断线重连写在这...
}
/**
int i = 1;
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes: &i length: sizeof(i)];
int i;
[data getBytes: &i length: sizeof(i)];
*/
//接收数据
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag {
int fileLength = 0;
if (self.fileLength == 0) {
self.receiveData = [NSMutableData data];
[data getBytes:&fileLength length:sizeof(int)];
self.fileLength = fileLength;
}
if (!fileLength) {
[self.receiveData appendData:data];
}
if ([self.receiveData length] < self.fileLength) {
int leftoverLength = (int)(self.fileLength - [self.receiveData length]);
if (leftoverLength < readLength) {
[sock readDataToLength:leftoverLength withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
} else {
[sock readDataToLength:readLength withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
}
} else {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"接收数据为:%@",[[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.receiveData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]);
[sock readDataToLength:sizeof(int) withTimeout:-1 tag:1];
self.fileLength = 0;
}
}
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadPartialDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)partialLength tag:(long)tag {
NSLog(@"%lu",(unsigned long)partialLength);
}
//发送消息成功的回调
- (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag {
self.returnStateInformation([NSString stringWithFormat:@"发送消息成功:host:%@,port:%d", sock.localHost, sock.localPort]);
}
@end
本文最后附上demo地址:SocketManager
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