1.查看Oracle配置文件路径并备份

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Jun 6 02:49:28 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show parameter control

NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time        integer     7
#控制文件路径
control_files                string  /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orc
                         l/control01.ctl, /oracle/app/o
                         racle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/
                         control02.ctl
control_management_pack_access       string  DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/controlfile.txt';
#把控制文件备份到/tmp目录下
Database altered.

SQL> 

2.查看控制文件

[oracle@localhost Desktop]$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls -lrt
total 1460288
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Jun  5 23:36 temp01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jun  5 23:49 redo02.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jun  5 23:49 redo03.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Jun  5 23:49 users01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Jun  6 02:46 system01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  31465472 Jun  6 02:46 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 555753472 Jun  6 02:46 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jun  6 02:49 redo01.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jun  6 02:51 control01.ctl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ vim control01.ctl
#直接用vim打开会出现乱码
^@Â^@^@^@^@Àÿ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@4ø^@^@^@@^@^@R^B^@^@
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ strings control01.ctl | more
#strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.
}|{z
YORCL
D:ORCL
\wl-
D:ORCL
\wl-
orcl
orcl
K:?;
K:?;
`wl-
hwl-
`wl-
hwl-
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
USERS
TEMP
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
USERS
TEMP
<zG:
<zG:
I:?;
<zG:
<zG:
I:?;
orcl
orcl
\wl-
\wl-
\wl-
orcl
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_2
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_3
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_4
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_5
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_6
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_7
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_8
orcl
P_ed
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_2
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_3
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_4
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_5
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_6
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_7
UNNAMED_INSTANCE_8
ACM unit testing operation
LSB Database Guard
Supplemental Log Data DDL
LSB Role Change Support
RFS block and kill across RAC
RAC-wide SGA
ACM unit testing operation
LSB Database Guard
Supplemental Log Data DDL
LSB Role Change Support
RFS block and kill across RAC
RAC-wide SGA
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ 
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ strings control01.ctl | tail
Supplemental Log Data DDL
LSB Role Change Support
RFS block and kill across RAC
RAC-wide SGA
ACM unit testing operation
LSB Database Guard
Supplemental Log Data DDL
LSB Role Change Support
RFS block and kill across RAC
RAC-wide SGA
[oracle@localhost orcl]$  cd /tmp
[oracle@localhost tmp]$ ls | grep controlfile.txt 
#/tmp下面已经出现控制文件的备份文件
controlfile.txt
[oracle@localhost tmp]$ cat controlfile.txt 
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='MANDATORY NOREOPEN NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM EXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOREGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_06/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_06/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE

-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252
;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_06/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2018_06_06/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
[oracle@localhost tmp]$