Bovine insulin (10 mg/ml, 100 nl/insect, Sigma) was injected into female adults on days 1 and 2 PAE.
Sheng Z , Xu J , Bai H , et al. Juvenile Hormone Regulates Vitellogenin Gene Expression through Insulin-like Peptide Signaling Pathway in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2011, 286(49):41924-41936.
Bovine insulin (Nacalai, Kyoto, Japan) was solubilized in 25 mM HEPES (Ph 8.2) at two concentrations, 10 and 5 mg ml−1. Two days after eclosion, each female was injected 1 µl insulin at the conjunctive between the fourth and fifth abdominal segment.
Zhang T T, Zhang G C, Zeng F F, et al. Insulin-like peptides regulate vitellogenesis and oviposition in the green lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata[J]. Bulletin of entomological research, 2017, 107(2): 148-154.
We injected different doses of bovine insulin in diapausing We injected different doses of bovine insulin in diapausing pupae, ranging from 0.001 to 1 I.U./animal. Table I shows that the effect of insulin on diapause termination was dosedependent. Low concentrations had no effect; adult development and relatively synchronous eclosions were obtained with 0.1 I.U. (5 gg) or 0.2 I.U. (10 gg) per animal
Arpagaus M . Vertebrate insulin induces diapause termination in Pieris brassicae pupae[J]. Rouxs Archives of Developmental Biology, 1987, 196(8):527-530.
Mammalian insulin used commercial porcine insulin (Sigma-Aldrich Korea, Seoul, Korea). After solubilizing the insulin powder with 1 M HCl, different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/mL) were prepared with 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The insulin was injected to larvae using a microsyringe (Hamilton, Reno, Nevada, USA) in a volume of 1 μL.
Al Baki M A , Jung J K , Maharjan R , et al. Application of insulin signaling to predict insect growth rate in Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)[J]. PLoS ONE, 2018, 13(10).
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