今天，是第五个南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日(the National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims)、南京大屠杀81周年(Nanjing Massacre)。
同时，首部国家公祭地方法规《南京市国家公祭保障条例》于今日起施行。
It is the fifth National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims on Thursday, as well as the first day for Nanjing's regulation on the protection of the National Memorial Day to take effect.
The regulation was approved at a session of the Standing Committee of the Nanjing Municipal People's Congress in late November and is also the first local regulation of its kind.
2018年11月23日，江苏省十三届人大常委会第六次会议通过了《南京市国家公祭保障条例》。
Standing Committee
表示“常务委员会”，英文解释为“a permanent committee appointed to deal with a specified subject”，
standing作形容词，表示“常备的，常设的；永久的；长期有效的”，英文解释为：You use standing to describe something which is permanently in existence; permanently agreed or arranged，如：a standing army (=a professional permanent army) 常备军，举个🌰：
You have to pay standing charges whether or not you use the service.
无论是否使用这项服务，你都必须一直付费。
补充：standing joke
表示“（长期的）笑柄；（尤指恶意的）经常拿来取笑的事”something that a particular group of people are familiar with and laugh about often, especially in an unkind way，举个🌰：
The whole incident became a standing joke between us.
整件事成了我们时常提起的笑料。
It has stipulated the etiquettes and norms on the National Memorial Day, such as the “one minute of silence for pedestrians and vehicles including automobiles, trains and ships,” as well as “sounding air siren in tribute.”
stipulate
表示“（协议、法律、规则等）规定，约定”，英文解释为“if an agreement, law, or rule stipulates something, it must be done”，举个🌰：
Laws stipulate the maximum interest rate that banks can charge.
法律对银行可以收取的最高利率作了规定。
etiquette
/'etɪket,ˋɛtɪkət/
表示“礼仪，礼节”，英文解释为“the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular group”，如：strict rules of professional etiquette 严格的行规
“禁止歪曲、否认南京大屠杀史实等言论；禁止在国家公祭设施等地使用具有日本军国主义象征意义的军服等道具拍照、录制视频等；禁止侵害南京大屠杀死难者、幸存者的姓名、肖像等合法权益。”
Meanwhile, some behaviors are prohibited by law for the first time, including speeches distorting or denying the facts of the Nanjing Massacre, insulting or defaming of the Nanjing Massacre victims, survivors and martyrs, and those who are conjuring messages to harm the nation's dignity and the people's feelings. Those who take photos and videos in the uniforms of Japanese invaders at memorial sites will be banned and punished.
为保证悼念活动的庄重感和仪式感，国家公祭设施周边禁止一切公共娱乐活动。《条例》要求教育行政主管部门，应当将国家公祭主题教育纳入南京市中小学地方课程，组织教材编写。
Besides, the regulation also stipulates that entertainment activities will be limited, especially at the public areas where memorial events take places. The National Memorial Day will also be included in textbooks for primary and middle schools of Nanjing city.
——人民日报
Why must the Nanjing Massacre never be forgotten in China?
The Nanjing Massacre is a tragic chapter in Chinese history and has been a trauma to the national emotions and the people.
trauma
表示“痛苦，创伤”，英文解释为“an unpleasant and upsetting experience that affects you for a long time”，如：traumas such as death or divorce 死亡、离婚等的巨大痛苦，the trauma of being a young refugee 年幼就沦为难民的精神创伤；也可以指身体上的“外伤”（an injury），如：the hospital's trauma unit 医院的创伤科。
On December 13, 1937, the invading Japanese armycaptured the city of Nanjing. During the next six weeks, the Japanese troops killed 300,000 civilians and unarmed combatants, and at the same time perpetrated widespread rape and looting. Averagely one person was killed every 12 seconds.
capture
此处表示“攻取夺取，夺得（属于敌人的地方或物品）”，英文解释为“to get control of a place or object that previously belonged to an enemy, during a war”，举个🌰：
The town was captured after a siege lasting ten days.
经过十天的围攻，该镇终于被攻陷。
loot
作动词，表示“（尤指在战争或暴乱中）抢劫，洗劫，掠夺”，英文解释为“to steal things, especially from shops or homes that have been damaged in a war or riot”，举个🌰：
Shops were looted and burned.
商店遭到抢劫和焚毁。
perpetrate
/'pɝpətret/ 表示“犯(罪)；做(不道德、有害之事)”，英文解释为“to do something that is morally wrong or illegal”，举个🌰：
Who could have perpetrated such a dreadful crime?
谁会犯下如此可怕的罪行？
类似的，commit作动词也可以表示“犯(错误或罪行)，做(坏事)”（to do something wrong or illegal），如：commit murder/rape/arson，举个🌰：
Women commit fewer crimes than men.
女性犯罪比男性少。
补充：
perpetrator作名词，指人，“作恶者；犯罪者”（someone who does something morally wrong or illegal），举个🌰：
The perpetrators were never caught.
作案者始终逍遥法外。
另一个词，culprit同样可以表示“罪犯；造成破坏（问题）的人”（the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong）。
The atrocities of the Japanese army were compared with Nazi Germany's concentration camps. However, the Nanjing Massacre was either deliberately forgotten or even denied for many years.
atrocity
/ə'trɑsəti/ 表示“暴行”，英文解释为“An atrocity is a very cruel, shocking action.”，举个🌰：
The killing was cold-blooded, and those who committed this atrocity should be punished.
这场杀戮非常残酷，那些犯下此暴行的人应该受到惩罚。
Nazi Germany's concentration camps 纳粹德国的集中营
2015年10月9日，南京大屠杀11组档案被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》。
In 2015, the UNESCO included the Nanjing Massacre onto its Memory of the World Register despite obstruction from the Japanese right wing, giving global recognition to the carnage. Starting in 2014, China designated December 13 as the National Memorial Day for the Nanjing Massacre Victims.
carnage
表示“（尤指战争中的）大屠杀，残杀”，英文解释为“when a lot of people are killed and injured, especially in a war”，如：a scene of terrible carnag 可怕的大屠杀场面。
对比：
massacre /'mæsəkɚ/：A massacre is the killing of a large number of people at the same time in a violent and cruel way. 大屠杀，massacre还可以表示“（在比赛或竞争中的）惨败”，英文解释为：a very bad defeat in a game or competition，，举个🌰：
United lost in a 5-0 massacre.
联队以0比5惨败。
In 2018, at least 20 survivors who witnessed and lived through the massacre passed away. Nowadays, only less than 100 registered Nanjing Massacre survivors are still alive.
来源：CGTN
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