介绍
一个系统中存在生产者和消费者两个角色,他们通过缓存区进行通信,缓存区大小固定且有两个线程,一个线程控制生产者生成数据并存入缓存区,另一个线程供消费者从缓存区中取对象并去使用数据。
优点
生产者不会在缓冲区满时加入数据,消费者也不会在缓冲区中空时消耗数据,两者会相互等待对方完成(注意防止死锁出现)。
应用场景
- 如网络访问框架可以采用该模式,请求相当于生产者,响应相当于消费者
- 用户提交订单,如果量过大,进入堵塞队列,等待订单生成后返回结果,才能继续执行生成订单的操作。
实现方式
- wait和notify实现
- 阻塞队列实现LinkedBlockingQueue
代码示例
1.wait和notify实现
缓存区:
public class Storage {
private final int MAX_SIZE = 5;
LinkedList<String> list = new LinkedList<String>();
public void produce(String producer){
synchronized (list) {
while (list.size() == MAX_SIZE) {
try {
System.out.println("队列已满,等待消费者使用");
list.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("添加:" + producer);
list.add(producer);
list.notifyAll();
}
}
public void consume(String producer){
synchronized (list) {
while (list.size() == 0) {
try {
System.out.println("等待生产者生成");
list.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("消费" + producer);
list.remove(producer);
list.notifyAll();
}
}
}
客户端中的生产者和消费者
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Storage storage = new Storage();
Producer producer = new Producer(storage);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(storage);
producer.start();
consumer.start();
}
public static class Producer extends Thread {
Storage storage;
public Producer(Storage storage) {
this.storage = storage;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
storage.produce("生产" + i);
}
}
}
public static class Consumer extends Thread {
Storage storage;
public Consumer(Storage storage) {
this.storage = storage;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
storage.consume("生产" + i);
}
}
}
}
1.LinkedBlockingQueue
生产者
public class Producer implements Runnable {
private volatile boolean isRunning = true;
// 创建一个队列
BlockingQueue<PcData> queue;
AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
public Producer(BlockingQueue<PcData> queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
public void run() {
PcData data = null;
Random r = new Random();
try {
while (isRunning) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
data = new PcData(count.getAndIncrement());
System.out.println("添加的队列中");
if(!queue.offer(data, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)){
System.out.println("添加的队列失败,等待中");
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
public void stop() {
isRunning = false;
}
}
消费者
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private BlockingQueue<PcData> queue;
public Consumer(BlockingQueue<PcData> queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
public void run() {
Random r = new Random();
try {
while (true) {
PcData data = queue.take();
if (null != data) {
int re = data.getData() * data.getData();
System.out.println(data.toString() + re);
Thread.sleep(r.nextInt(5000));
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
BlockingQueue<PcData> queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<PcData>(2);
Producer prducer1 = new Producer(queue);
Producer prducer2 = new Producer(queue);
Producer prducer3 = new Producer(queue);
Consumer c1 = new Consumer(queue);
Consumer c2 = new Consumer(queue);
Consumer c3 = new Consumer(queue);
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
executor.execute(prducer1);
executor.execute(prducer2);
executor.execute(prducer3);
executor.execute(c1);
executor.execute(c2);
executor.execute(c3);
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
prducer1.stop();
prducer2.stop();
prducer3.stop();
Thread.sleep(3000);
executor.shutdown();
}
}
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