Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
心理学家对外部奖励（从热情的赞扬到冰冷的现金）如何影响动机和创造力持相反的看法。研究行为与其后果之间关系的行为学家认为，奖励可以提高工作和学习上的表现。研究心理生活各个方面的认知学派研究人员坚持认为，奖励往往会鼓励依赖他人的认可和礼物，从而破坏创造力。
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
后一种观点有许多支持者，尤其是在教育工作者中。但是，根据6月份《个性与社会心理学杂志》的一项研究，谨慎使用小额金钱奖励会激发小学生的创造力，这表明适当的奖励确实有助于创造力。
“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
纽瓦克特拉华大学的罗伯特·艾森伯格说：“如果孩子们知道自己的工作有回报，就可以专注于一项相对具有挑战性的任务，表现出最大的创造力。但对糟糕的表现给予奖励或对奖励产生过多期望，很容易扼杀创造力。”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
艾森伯格认为，一个不断关注奖励的老师，或者一个为普通成绩给出高分的老师，最终会培养出缺乏灵感的学生。作为后者的一个例子，他指出，各大大学越来越努力收紧评分标准，恢复不及格的成绩。
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
这位特拉华州心理学家声称，在低年级，使用所谓的代币经济，即学生处理具有挑战性的问题，并获得基于绩效的分数，以获得有价值的奖励，有助于提高努力和创造力。
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