简述
记录一下leetcode的sql题的免费部分
为啥面试时候写sql写不出来，面试完了马上就有思路了，T T
题目
组合两个表
表1: Person
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId | int |
| FirstName | varchar |
| LastName | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
表2: Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId | int |
| PersonId | int |
| City | varchar |
| State | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键
编写一个 SQL 查询，满足条件：无论 person 是否有地址信息，都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息：
FirstName, LastName, City, State
select FirstName, LastName, City, State
from Person a left join Address b on a.PersonId = b.PersonId
第二高的薪水
编写一个 SQL 查询，获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水（Salary） 。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表，SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水，那么查询应返回 null。
+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200 |
+---------------------+
select
ifnull((select distinct salary from Employee order by salary desc limit 1, 1), null)
as SecondHighestSalary
第N高的薪水
编写一个 SQL 查询，获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水（Salary）。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表，n = 2 时，应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水，那么查询应返回 null。
+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200 |
+------------------------+
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
SET N = N - 1;
RETURN (
# Write your MySQL query statement below.
select ifnull((select distinct salary from Employee order by salary desc limit N, 1), null)
);
END
分数排名
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同，则两个分数排名（Rank）相同。请注意，平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说，名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如，根据上述给定的 Scores 表，你的查询应该返回（按分数从高到低排列）：
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
select a.Score,
(select count(distinct b.Score) from Scores b where b.Score >= a.Score) as Rank
from Scores a order by a.Score desc
连续出现的数字
编写一个 SQL 查询，查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。
+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
+----+-----+
例如，给定上面的 Logs 表， 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。
+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
select distinct a.num as ConsecutiveNums from Logs a, Logs b, Logs c
where a.id = b.id - 1 and a.id = c.id - 2 and a.num = b.num and b.num = c.num
超过经理收入的员工
Employee 表包含所有员工，他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id，此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
给定 Employee 表，编写一个 SQL 查询，该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中，Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。
+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe |
+----------+
select a.Name as Employee from Employee a, Employee b
where a.ManagerId = b.Id and a.Salary > b.Salary
查找重复的电子邮箱
编写一个 SQL 查询，查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。
示例：
+----+---------+
| Id | Email |
+----+---------+
| 1 | a@b.com |
| 2 | c@d.com |
| 3 | a@b.com |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入，你的查询应返回以下结果：
+---------+
| Email |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+
说明：所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。
select Email from Person group by Email having count(Email) > 1
select distinct a.Email from Person a, Person b where a.Email = b.Email and a.id != b.id
从不订购的客户
某网站包含两个表，Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询，找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。
Customers 表：
+----+-------+
| Id | Name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | Joe |
| 2 | Henry |
| 3 | Sam |
| 4 | Max |
+----+-------+
Orders 表：
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 |
+----+------------+
例如给定上述表格，你的查询应返回：
+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry |
| Max |
+-----------+
select a.Name as Customers from Customers a left join Orders b on a.Id = b.CustomerId where b.CustomerId is null
select Name as Customers from Customers where id not in (select CustomerId from Orders)
部门工资最高的员工
Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
select b.Name as Department, a.Name as Employee, c.Salary from
Employee a, Department b,
(select DepartmentId, max(Salary) as Salary from Employee group by DepartmentId) c
where a.DepartmentId = b.Id and b.Id = c.DepartmentId and a.Salary = c.Salary
部门工资前三高的所有员工
Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的工号 Id，姓名 Name，工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 85000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
| 7 | Will | 70000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如，根据上述给定的表，查询结果应返回：
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 85000 |
| IT | Will | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释：
IT 部门中，Max 获得了最高的工资，Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资，Will 的工资排第三。销售部门（Sales）只有两名员工，Henry 的工资最高，Sam 的工资排第二。
select b.Name as Department, a.Name as Employee, a.Salary from Employee a, Department b
where a.DepartmentId = b.Id and
(select count(distinct Salary) from Employee where a.DepartmentId = DepartmentId and a.Salary < Salary) < 3
order by b.Id asc, a.Salary desc
删除重复的电子邮箱
编写一个 SQL 查询，来删除 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱，重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | john@example.com |
| 2 | bob@example.com |
| 3 | john@example.com |
+----+------------------+
Id 是这个表的主键。
例如，在运行你的查询语句之后，上面的 Person 表应返回以下几行:
+----+------------------+
| Id | Email |
+----+------------------+
| 1 | john@example.com |
| 2 | bob@example.com |
+----+------------------+
delete a from Person a, Person b where a.Email = b.Email and a.id > b.id
delete from Person where Id not in
(
select id from (select min(Id) as id from Person group by Email) t
)
delete a from Person a left join
(
select Id from (select min(Id) as Id from Person group by Email) t
) b on a.Id = b.Id where b.Id is null
上升的温度
给定一个 Weather 表，编写一个 SQL 查询，来查找与之前（昨天的）日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 Id。
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | 2015-01-01 | 10 |
| 2 | 2015-01-02 | 25 |
| 3 | 2015-01-03 | 20 |
| 4 | 2015-01-04 | 30 |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
例如，根据上述给定的 Weather 表格，返回如下 Id:
+----+
| Id |
+----+
| 2 |
| 4 |
+----+
select a.Id from Weather a where
a.Temperature > (select Temperature from Weather where RecordDate = date_sub(a.RecordDate, interval 1 day))
order by a.Id
行程和用户
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id，Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型，枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止，Role 则是一个表示（‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’）的枚举类型。
+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表，你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果，取消率（Cancellation Rate）保留两位小数。
+------------+-------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
+------------+-------------------+
select
a.Request_at as "Day",
round(count(if(status != 'completed', status, null)) / count(status), 2) as "Cancellation Rate"
from Trips a
join Users b on a.Client_Id = b.Users_Id and b.banned ='No' and B.role='client'
join Users c on a.Driver_Id = c.Users_Id and c.banned ='No' and c.role='driver'
WHERE a.Request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
group by a.Request_at
order by a.Request_at
大的国家
这里有张 World 表
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name | continent | area | population | gdp |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000 |
| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000 |
| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000 |
| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000 |
| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000 |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
如果一个国家的面积超过300万平方公里，或者人口超过2500万，那么这个国家就是大国家。
编写一个SQL查询，输出表中所有大国家的名称、人口和面积。
例如，根据上表，我们应该输出:
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name | population | area |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan | 25500100 | 652230 |
| Algeria | 37100000 | 2381741 |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
select name, population, area from World where area >= 3000000 or population >= 25000000
超过5名学生的课
有一个courses 表 ，有: student (学生) 和 class (课程)。
请列出所有超过或等于5名学生的课。
例如,表:
+---------+------------+
| student | class |
+---------+------------+
| A | Math |
| B | English |
| C | Math |
| D | Biology |
| E | Math |
| F | Computer |
| G | Math |
| H | Math |
| I | Math |
+---------+------------+
应该输出:
+---------+
| class |
+---------+
| Math |
+---------+
Note:
学生在每个课中不应被重复计算。
select class from courses group by class having count(distinct student) >= 5
体育馆的人流量
X 市建了一个新的体育馆，每日人流量信息被记录在这三列信息中：序号 (id)、日期 (visit_date)、 人流量 (people)。
请编写一个查询语句，找出人流量的高峰期。高峰期时，至少连续三行记录中的人流量不少于100。
例如，表 stadium：
+------+------------+-----------+
| id | visit_date | people |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 1 | 2017-01-01 | 10 |
| 2 | 2017-01-02 | 109 |
| 3 | 2017-01-03 | 150 |
| 4 | 2017-01-04 | 99 |
| 5 | 2017-01-05 | 145 |
| 6 | 2017-01-06 | 1455 |
| 7 | 2017-01-07 | 199 |
| 8 | 2017-01-08 | 188 |
+------+------------+-----------+
对于上面的示例数据，输出为：
+------+------------+-----------+
| id | visit_date | people |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 5 | 2017-01-05 | 145 |
| 6 | 2017-01-06 | 1455 |
| 7 | 2017-01-07 | 199 |
| 8 | 2017-01-08 | 188 |
+------+------------+-----------+
提示：
每天只有一行记录，日期随着 id 的增加而增加。
select distinct a.id, a.visit_date, a.people from stadium a, stadium b, stadium c
where a.people >= 100 and b.people >= 100 and c.people >= 100 and
(
(a.id = b.id - 1 and a.id = c.id - 2) or
(b.id = a.id - 1 and b.id = c.id - 2) or
(c.id = b.id - 1 and c.id = a.id - 2)
)
order by a.id
有趣的电影
某城市开了一家新的电影院，吸引了很多人过来看电影。该电影院特别注意用户体验，专门有个 LED显示板做电影推荐，上面公布着影评和相关电影描述。
作为该电影院的信息部主管，您需要编写一个 SQL查询，找出所有影片描述为非 boring (不无聊) 的并且 id 为奇数 的影片，结果请按等级 rating 排列。
例如，下表 cinema:
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
| 2 | Science | fiction | 8.5 |
| 3 | irish | boring | 6.2 |
| 4 | Ice song | Fantacy | 8.6 |
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
对于上面的例子，则正确的输出是为：
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | movie | description | rating |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
| 5 | House card| Interesting| 9.1 |
| 1 | War | great 3D | 8.9 |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
select * from cinema where id % 2 = 1 and description != 'boring' order by rating desc
换座位
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师，她有一张 seat 座位表，平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢？
示例：
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
假如数据输入的是上表，则输出结果如下：
+---------+---------+
| id | student |
+---------+---------+
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
+---------+---------+
select a.id, ifnull(b.student, a.student) as student from seat a left join
(
select a.id, b.student from seat a, seat b
where a.id % 2 = 1 and b.id = a.id + 1
union
select a.id, b.student from seat a, seat b
where a.id % 2 = 0 and a.id = b.id + 1
) b on a.id = b.id order by a.id
交换工资
给定一个 salary 表，如下所示，有 m = 男性 和 f = 女性 的值。交换所有的 f 和 m 值（例如，将所有 f 值更改为 m，反之亦然）。要求只使用一个更新（Update）语句，并且没有中间的临时表。
注意，您必只能写一个 Update 语句，请不要编写任何 Select 语句。
例如：
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | m | 2500 |
| 2 | B | f | 1500 |
| 3 | C | m | 5500 |
| 4 | D | f | 500 |
运行你所编写的更新语句之后，将会得到以下表:
| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1 | A | f | 2500 |
| 2 | B | m | 1500 |
| 3 | C | f | 5500 |
| 4 | D | m | 500 |
update salary set sex =
case when sex = 'm' then 'f' else 'm' end
update salary set sex = if(sex = 'm', 'f', 'm')
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