[Linux] 定制 Linux Mint 20.2 开发镜像

！！未完成

背景

单纯该更新了

注意事项

• 仅供参考学习，部分组件需要额外的授权，除非你能友好的解决，否则，不要分发成品
• 每个步骤虽经过实际操作，但请根据实际情况 慎重选择 是否执行一些操作，否则可能会对某些 娇贵的 机器造成 永久性的硬件损伤
• 推荐在 Ext4 文件系统下操作，否则可能丢失文件的权限等信息
• 有任何意见和建议，请务必联系

环境 & 工具

• LinuxMint 20.2 (Kernel: 5.11.0-25-generic)
• VirtualBox
• 必备工具：

sudo apt install squashfs-tools xorriso isolinux

操作记录

初始化

sudo su -

export V_KN_OLD=5.4.0-74
export V_KN_NEW=5.11.0-25

V_WORKSPACE=/home/zhuqq4/some/custom-linuxmint
V_MNT_ISO=/mnt/iso

V_ISO_ORIGIN=${V_WORKSPACE}/linuxmint-20.2-cinnamon-64bit.iso
V_CUSTOM_SRC=${V_WORKSPACE}/squashfs-root
V_ISO_SRC=${V_WORKSPACE}/iso-src
V_ISO_OUT=${V_WORKSPACE}/linuxmint-20.2-zqq.iso
V_ISO_TITLE="LINUXMINT_ZQQ"

准备 & 解压

mkdir -p "${V_WORKSPACE}" "${V_ISO_SRC}" "${V_MNT_ISO}"

mount "${V_ISO_ORIGIN}" "${V_MNT_ISO}"
rsync -a --exclude=casper/filesystem.squashfs "${V_MNT_ISO}/" "${V_ISO_SRC}/"
unsquashfs -d "${V_CUSTOM_SRC}" "${V_MNT_ISO}/casper/filesystem.squashfs"
umount "${V_MNT_ISO}"

挂载 & chroot

mount --bind /var/cache/apt "${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/var/cache/apt"
mount --bind /dev "${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/dev/"

chroot "${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/"
## 增加辨识
PS1="(chroot) $PS1"
LC_ALL=C
HOME=/root
export PS1 HOME LC_ALL

mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
mkdir -p /tmp/tools

mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.bak
echo 'nameserver 223.5.5.5' | tee /etc/resolv.conf

基本增删 (chroot)

## 替换官方源
sed -i "s/http:\/\/packages.linuxmint.com/https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/linuxmint/g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
sed -i "s/http:\/\/archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu/https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/ubuntu/g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list

apt update

## Ubuntu Kylin
apt install ubuntukylin-keyring
echo "deb http://archive.ubuntukylin.com/ubuntukylin/ focal main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntukylin.list

## Wine
dpkg --add-architecture i386
wget -q -O - https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list

## Chrome
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

## VS Code
wget -q -O - https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list

## Flatpak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak

apt update

## 先移除
apt purge thunderbird libreoffice-common tomboy hexchat redshift xplayer-common xviewer xed-common

apt install linux-headers-${V_KN_NEW}-generic linux-image-${V_KN_NEW}-generic linux-modules-${V_KN_NEW}-generic linux-modules-extra-${V_KN_NEW}-generic  linux-generic-hwe-20.04

# apt purge linux-headers-${V_KN_OLD}-generic linux-image-${V_KN_OLD}-generic linux-modules-${V_KN_OLD}-generic linux-modules-extra-${V_KN_OLD}-generic

apt dist-upgrade
apt autoremove

apt install \
  tree \
  vim \
  git \
  openjdk-8-jdk \
  openjdk-11-jdk \
  maven \
  gedit \
  meld \
  code \
  hardinfo \
  autoconf automake libtool \
  firefox-locale-zh-hans \
  google-chrome-stable \
  gimp gimp-help-en \
  mint-meta-codecs \
  vlc \
  flameshot \
  fcitx-ui-classic fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-frontend-qt5 fcitx-pinyin \
  bcmwl-kernel-source \
  arc-theme \
  fonts-noto-cjk fonts-noto-cjk-extra \
  ttf-mscorefonts-installer \
  openconnect network-manager-openconnect \
  language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-gnome-zh-hans \
  dkms

## Wine
apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel

## 更新 microcode
apt install intel-microcode amd64-microcode

## 搜狗输入法 & WPS & 网易云音乐
wget -O /tmp/sogoupinyin.deb "https://ime.sogoucdn.com/dl/index/1612260778/sogoupinyin_2.4.0.3469_amd64.deb"

wget -O /tmp/wps-office.deb "https://wdl1.cache.wps.cn/wps/download/ep/Linux2019/10161/wps-office_11.1.0.10161_amd64.deb"

wget -O /tmp/netease-cloud-music.deb "http://d1.music.126.net/dmusic/netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb"

dpkg -i /tmp/sogoupinyin.deb  /tmp/wps-office.deb /tmp/netease-cloud-music.deb

apt install -f

一些增加 (chroot)

npm & NodeJs

apt install npm 
npm install npm@latest n -g
n stable

WPS 缺失的 symbol-fonts， 此处注意授权问题

cd /tmp
FONTS_DIR_WPS=/usr/share/fonts/wps-office-symbols
git clone --depth 1 https://gitee.com/zqq90/wps_linux_fonts.git
mkdir -p "${FONTS_DIR_WPS}"
rsync -av --exclude .git --exclude README.md "wps_linux_fonts/" "${FONTS_DIR_WPS}/"

fc-cache -f -v "$FONTS_DIR_WPS"

安装字体： Adobe Source Code Pro

cd /tmp

V_FONT_HOME=/usr/share/fonts/opentype/adobe-source-code-pro
mkdir -p $V_FONT_HOME
wget -P $V_FONT_HOME https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-code-pro/releases/download/variable-fonts/SourceCodeVariable-Italic.otf
wget -P $V_FONT_HOME https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-code-pro/releases/download/variable-fonts/SourceCodeVariable-Roman.otf

fc-cache -f -v "$V_FONT_HOME"

Arc Icons

cd /tmp/tools
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/horst3180/arc-icon-theme.git && cd arc-icon-theme
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr
make install

For Macbook Touchbar & WiFi

未经测试，请参考老版：定制 Linux Mint 19.1 镜像

Deepin Wine

老方法似乎失效了

修正首选应用程序

只是简单替换一下顺序，并不严谨 :-(

sed -i 's/gimp.desktop;pix.desktop;/pix.desktop;gimp.desktop;/g' /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
sed -i 's/gimp.desktop;xreader.desktop;/xreader.desktop;gimp.desktop;/g' /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
sed -i 's/vlc.desktop;netease-cloud-music.desktop;/netease-cloud-music.desktop;vlc.desktop;/g' /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
sed -i 's/gimp.desktop;pix.desktop;/pix.desktop;gimp.desktop;/g' /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
sed -i 's/google-chrome.desktop;firefox.desktop;/firefox.desktop;google-chrome.desktop;/g' /usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache

修正网易云音乐启动问题

参考：https://www.zhihu.com/question/277330447/answer/478510195

sed -i "s/Exec=netease-cloud-music %U/Exec=sh -c \"unset SESSION_MANAGER \&\& netease-cloud-music %U\"/g" /usr/share/applications/netease-cloud-music.desktop

更新配置

• 通用配置

• 可以使用 dconf dump / dump 本机配置作为参考

mkdir -p /etc/dconf/profile/ /etc/dconf/db/local.d/

# 设置 dconf 配置
echo "
# custom dconf, by zqq
export DCONF_PROFILE=local
" > /etc/profile.d/50_dconf-local-custom.sh

echo "
user-db:user
system-db:local
" > /etc/dconf/profile/local

echo "
[org/cinnamon]
favorite-apps=['firefox.desktop', 'netease-cloud-music.desktop', 'deepin.com.thunderspeed.desktop', 'vlc.desktop', 'deepin.com.weixin.work.desktop', 'gedit.desktop', 'code.desktop', 'meld.desktop', 'gnome-terminal.desktop', 'nemo.desktop', 'gimp.desktop', 'pix.desktop']

[org/cinnamon/desktop/interface]
font-name='Noto Sans CJK SC 10'
gtk-theme='Arc'
icon-theme='Arc'

[org/cinnamon/desktop/keybindings/media-keys]
terminal=['<Super>t']

[org/cinnamon/desktop/wm/preferences]
theme='Arc'
titlebar-font='Noto Sans CJK SC 8'

[org/cinnamon/theme]
name='Mint-Y-Dark-Aqua'

[org/gnome/desktop/interface]
document-font-name='Noto Sans CJK SC 11'
monospace-font-name='Source Code Variable 11'

[org/cinnamon/desktop/keybindings/custom-keybindings/custom0]
binding=['<Super>Print']
command='flameshot gui'
name='Flameshot'

[org/cinnamon/desktop/keybindings]
custom-list=['custom0']

[org/nemo/preferences]
show-open-in-terminal-toolbar=true
show-search-icon-toolbar=false
default-folder-viewer='list-view'
date-format='iso'
show-location-entry=true

[org/nemo/desktop]
computer-icon-visible=false
home-icon-visible=false
font='Noto Sans CJK SC 11'

[org/x/pix/browser]
thumbnail-list-visible=false

[org/nemo/plugins]
disabled-actions=['mint-artwork-cinnamon-thunderbird.nemo_action', 'set-as-background.nemo_action', 'send-by-mail.nemo_action', 'change-background.nemo_action']

[org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:]
list=['b1dcc9dd-5262-4d8d-a863-c897e6d979b9']

[org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:b1dcc9dd-5262-4d8d-a863-c897e6d979b9]
foreground-color='rgb(191,205,207)'
visible-name='default'
palette=['rgb(46,52,54)', 'rgb(204,0,0)', 'rgb(78,154,6)', 'rgb(196,160,0)', 'rgb(52,101,164)', 'rgb(117,80,123)', 'rgb(6,152,154)', 'rgb(211,215,207)', 'rgb(85,87,83)', 'rgb(239,41,41)', 'rgb(138,226,52)', 'rgb(252,233,79)', 'rgb(114,159,207)', 'rgb(173,127,168)', 'rgb(52,226,226)', 'rgb(238,238,236)']
default-size-columns=110
default-size-rows=32
use-system-font=false
use-transparent-background=true
use-theme-colors=false
font='Source Code Variable Medium 12'
use-theme-transparency=false
background-color='rgb(0,43,54)'
background-transparency-percent=4

" > /etc/dconf/db/local.d/50_custom_settings

rm /etc/dconf/db/local
dconf update

• User Dirs

mkdir -p /etc/skel/.config/ \
  /etc/skel/Desktop/ \
  /etc/skel/downloads/ \
  /etc/skel/.templates/ \
  /etc/skel/documents/ \
  /etc/skel/public/ \
  /etc/skel/music/ \
  /etc/skel/pictures/ \
  /etc/skel/videos/

echo '
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/.templates"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/documents"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/public"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/videos"
' > /etc/skel/.config/user-dirs.dirs

• 移除部分语言包的依赖

TODO: 升级可能导致被覆盖

sed -i "/ibus-table-wubi/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fcitx-table-wubi/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fcitx-module-cloudpinyin/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fcitx-sunpinyin/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fcitx-table-wubi/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fonts-arphic-uming/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends
sed -i "/fonts-arphic-ukai/d" /usr/share/language-selector/data/pkg_depends

收尾

重建 initrd

update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)
mkinitramfs -c lzma -o /tmp/initrd.lz

退出 chroot & 卸载

dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' > /tmp/filesystem.manifest
rm -rf /root/.wget-hsts /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
mv /etc/resolv.conf.bak /etc/resolv.conf

umount /dev/pts
umount /sys
umount /proc
exit

umount ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/var/cache/apt
umount ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/dev/

更新 Kernel & manifest

mv ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/tmp/filesystem.manifest ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/
## 保留 GParted，这么好用的工具怎么能删掉呢
sed -i '/gparted/d' ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/filesystem.manifest-remove

rm ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/boot/initrd.img-${V_KN_NEW}-generic.old-dkms
cp ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/tmp/initrd.lz ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/
cp ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/boot/vmlinuz-${V_KN_NEW}-generic ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/vmlinuz

打包 ISO

rm -rf ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/tmp/* \
  ${V_CUSTOM_SRC}/root/.bash_history

rm ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/filesystem.squashfs
mksquashfs ${V_CUSTOM_SRC} ${V_ISO_SRC}/casper/filesystem.squashfs

cd ${V_ISO_SRC}
find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | grep -Ev "./MD5SUMS|./isolinux/" > ${V_ISO_SRC}/MD5SUMS

mkisofs -D -r -V "${V_ISO_TITLE}" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ${V_ISO_OUT} .

Tips

• 可以使用 VirtualBox 测试生成的 ISO
• 不需要 “刻录” 到 U 盘， 强大的 EFI + Grub2 来帮你，硬盘安装就可以

menuentry "Install LinuxMint ZQQ" {
    set isofile="/boot/iso/linuxmint-20.1-zqq.iso"
    echo "Search $isofile ..."
    search --file $isofile --set=root
    echo "Loopback $isofile ..."
    loopback loop $isofile
    echo "vmlinuz ..."
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz persistent boot=casper iso-scan/filename="$isofile" acpi_osi="Linux" quiet splash locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 noprompt --
    echo "initrd ..."
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

参考

• https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization
• https://nixaid.com/linux-on-macbookpro/
• 定制 Linux Mint 19.1 镜像