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Swift 数组和字符串转换基础

Swift 数组和字符串转换基础

作者: AdeSon | 来源:发表于2021-07-10 09:36 被阅读0次

    数组转字符串

    let testArr = ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7"]
    // 方法一:
    let resultStr = testArr.joined()
    打印resultStr结果:"1234567"
    // 方法二:(如果你想要的结果字符串依然包含分割符可以使用如下方法分割)
    let resultStr = testArr.joined(separator: ",")
    打印resultStr结果:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7"
    
    
    字符串转数组
    没有分隔符的字符串分割
    
    let testString = "abcdefghijklmn"
    //方法一:
    let resultArr = Array(testString)
    打印resultArr结果:["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"]
    // 方法二:
    let resultArr2 = testString.compactMap { (item) -> String? in
      return "\(item)"
    }
    打印resultArr2结果:["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n"]
    
    

    有分隔符的字符串分割

    let slipStr:String = "adcddgjfdflldkmldv"
    示例以字母"d"为分割符,将字符串分割
    方法一:
    let slipArray = slipStr.split(separator: "d")
    打印结果:["a", "c", "gjf", "fll", "kml", "v"]
    方法二:
    slipStr.components(separatedBy: "d")
    打印结果:["a", "c", "", "gjf", "fll", "kml", "v"]
    
    注释:在使用分隔符来分割字符串时,方法一与方法二的区别在于,如果存在两个相邻的分隔符,方法二会留存空字符串,方法一则会去掉空字符串。
    数组的遍历方法简析
    
    
    var dataArray:[String] = ["晴天","阴天","大雨","多云","大风","雨夹雪","小雨"]
    方法一:
    dataArray.forEach { (item) in
      debugPrint(item)
    }
    方法二:
    for item in dataArray {
      debugPrint(item)
    }
    方法三:
    // 该循环方式可设置开闭区间,设置时需注意数组越界
    for i in 0..<dataArray.count {
     debugPrint(dataArray[i])
    }
    方法四:
    //该方法可以循环输出元组类型,包含下标index及对应的item
    for (index,item) in dataArray.enumerated() {
      debugPrint(index,item)
    }
    
    注释:我尝试使用方法一与方法二,分别遍历输出0~100000之间的数字,来比较耗时长短。方法一耗时0.1173100471496582,方法二耗时0.0031960010528564453,因此方法二耗时较短,故遍历数据较多时建议使用方法二。
    获取数组中符合条件的某个对象
    
    var dataArray:[String] = ["晴天","阴天","大雨","多云","大风","雨夹雪","小雨"]
    //示例是查找末尾字符是“雨”的对象
    方法一:
    if let text = dataArray.first(where: {$0.hasSuffix("雨")}) {
      debugPrint(text)
    }
    输出结果:"大雨"
    //注意:该方法是从数组的第一个位置开始查找,当有符合条件的对象就输出,剩下的不会继续查找。
    方法二:
    if let text = dataArray.last(where: {$0.hasSuffix("雨")}) {
      debugPrint(text)
    }
    输出结果:"小雨"
    //注意:该方法是从数组的最后一个位置开始查找,当有符合条件的对象就输出,剩下的不会继续查找。
    同理用下面两个方法获取符合条件的对象下标:
    func firstIndex(where predicate: (Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Int?
    func lastIndex(where predicate: (Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Int?
    方法三:
    let con = dataArray.contains(where: {$0 == "小雨"})
    debugPrint(con)
    输出结果:true
    
    

    //注意:该方法主要是用来判断数组中是否包含符合某个条件的对象,返回值为true或false

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