一、common模块下me.zhengjie.exception包(异常处理)中类的解读
me.zhengjie.exception包下的类总体上是用类似策略模式的自定义的异常,借全局异常处理器,根据抛出的异常类分别去处理抛出的不同异常。
1.类似策略模式的自定义异常类解读
①me.zhengjie.exception.BadConfigurationException(配置异常)类,继承java.lang.RuntimeException类(用来在程序中抛出配置异常通知)
整个类继承复制java.lang.RuntimeException类,只是改了方法名字
public class BadConfigurationException extends RuntimeException {
/**
* Constructs a new runtime exception with {@code null} as its
* detail message. The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be
* initialized by a call to {@link `#initCause}`.
*/
public BadConfigurationException() {
super();
}
/**
* Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail message.
* The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
* call to {@link #initCause}.
*
* @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for
* later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
*/
public BadConfigurationException(String message) {
super(message);
}
/**
* Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail message and
* cause. <p>Note that the detail message associated with
* {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
* this runtime exception's detail message.
*
* @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
* by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
* @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
* {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
* permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
* unknown.)
* @since 1.4
*/
public BadConfigurationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
/**
* Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified cause and a
* detail message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())}
* (which typically contains the class and detail message of
* {@code cause}). This constructor is useful for runtime exceptions
* that are little more than wrappers for other throwables.
*
* @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
* {@link #getCause()} method). (A {@code null} value is
* permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
* unknown.)
* @since 1.4
*/
public BadConfigurationException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
}
/**
* Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail
* message, cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable
* stack trace enabled or disabled.
*
* @param message the detail message.
* @param cause the cause. (A {@code null} value is permitted,
* and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
* @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
* or disabled
* @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
* be writable
* @since 1.7
*/
protected BadConfigurationException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
}
}
②me.zhengjie.exception.BadRequestException(错误请求异常)类继承java.lang.RuntimeException类
// lombok中为成员变量生成get方法的注解
@Getter
public class BadRequestException extends RuntimeException{
private Integer status = BAD_REQUEST.value();
public BadRequestException(String msg){
// 调用父类中的单参数构造方法
super(msg);
}
public BadRequestException(HttpStatus status,String msg){
// 调用父类中的单参数构造方法
super(msg);
// 给请求异常中的状态码赋值
this.status = status.value();
}
}
③me.zhengjie.exception.EntityExistException(实体类已经存在异常)类继承java.lang.RuntimeException类
public class EntityExistException extends RuntimeException {
public EntityExistException(Class clazz, String field, String val) {
// 把拼接好的内容作为参数调用父类的方法
super(EntityExistException.generateMessage(clazz.getSimpleName(), field, val));
}
private static String generateMessage(String entity, String field, String val) {
// 首字母大写并手动拼接需要的内容
return StringUtils.capitalize(entity)
+ " with " + field + " "+ val + " existed";
}
}
④me.zhengjie.exception.EntityNotFoundException(实体不存在异常类)继承java.lang.RuntimeException类
public class EntityNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
public EntityNotFoundException(Class clazz, String field, String val) {
// 调用类的getSimpleName()方法得到类的简写
// 作为String参数调用父类中的单参数构造方法
super(EntityNotFoundException.generateMessage(clazz.getSimpleName(), field, val));
}
private static String generateMessage(String entity, String field, String val) {
// 首字母大写并手动拼接所需字符串
return StringUtils.capitalize(entity)
+ " with " + field + " "+ val + " does not exist";
}
}
2. 全局异常处理配置类
①me.zhengjie.exception.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler(全局异常处理器)
其中涉及到了me.zhengjie.utils.ThrowableUtil#getStackTrace()自定义异常堆栈信息获取方法,me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError返回给前端的API错误信息类
// 日志注解
@Slf4j
// 映射注解增强器[详情戳这里了解](https://www.cnblogs.com/UncleWang001/p/10949318.html)
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
/**
* 处理所有不可知的异常
*/
// 异常处理器注解
@ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleException(Throwable e){
// 打印堆栈信息
log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getMessage()));
}
/**
* BadCredentialsException
*/
@ExceptionHandler(BadCredentialsException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> badCredentialsException(BadCredentialsException e){
// 打印堆栈信息
String message = "坏的凭证".equals(e.getMessage()) ? "用户名或密码不正确" : e.getMessage();
log.error(message);
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(message));
}
/**
* 处理自定义异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = BadRequestException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> badRequestException(BadRequestException e) {
// 打印堆栈信息
log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getStatus(),e.getMessage()));
}
/**
* 处理 EntityExist
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = EntityExistException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> entityExistException(EntityExistException e) {
// 打印堆栈信息
log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getMessage()));
}
/**
* 处理 EntityNotFound
*/
@ExceptionHandler(value = EntityNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> entityNotFoundException(EntityNotFoundException e) {
// 打印堆栈信息
log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(NOT_FOUND.value(),e.getMessage()));
}
/**
* 处理所有接口数据验证异常
*/
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
public ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e){
// 打印堆栈信息
log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
String[] str = Objects.requireNonNull(e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0).getCodes())[1].split("\\.");
String message = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0).getDefaultMessage();
String msg = "不能为空";
if(msg.equals(message)){
message = str[1] + ":" + message;
}
return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(message));
}
/**
* 统一返回
*/
private ResponseEntity<ApiError> buildResponseEntity(ApiError apiError) {
return new ResponseEntity<>(apiError, HttpStatus.valueOf(apiError.getStatus()));
}
}
②me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError类(返回给前端的响应体内容对象)
// lombok中生成类中get/set方法,equls方法,hashcode方法,tostring方法,空参构造的注解
@Data
class ApiError {
// 返回的默认HTTP状态码
private Integer status = 400;
// 后端日期时间格式转换成json格式的注解
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
// 当前时间的时间戳
private LocalDateTime timestamp;
// API异常携带的信息
private String message;
private ApiError() {
timestamp = LocalDateTime.now();
}
/**
* 静态默认响应状态码构造方法,方便调用
*
* @author Hue Fu
* @param message java.lang.String
* @return me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError
* @date 2021-01-28 14:13
* @since 0.0.1
*/
public static ApiError error(String message){
ApiError apiError = new ApiError();
apiError.setMessage(message);
return apiError;
}
/**
* 自定义默认响应信息(状态码和携带信息)构造方法
*
* @author Hue Fu
* @param status java.lang.Integer
* @param message java.lang.String
* @return me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError
* @date 2021-01-28 14:14
* @since 0.0.1
*/
public static ApiError error(Integer status, String message){
ApiError apiError = new ApiError();
apiError.setStatus(status);
apiError.setMessage(message);
return apiError;
}
}
到现在为止我们把EL-Admin框架中的异常处理的所有类都梳理了一遍。其中起主要作用的是me.zhengjie.exception.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler这个全局异常处理类,通过它,我们实现了对服务器端API中异常的全局性管理。在这个类中起主要作用的代码是@RestControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler这两个注解,没有@RestControllerAdvice这个注解我们无法对每个API进行增强映射建议,没有@ExceptionHandler注解我们没法对特殊的异常类做自定义化操作。
当然也许其中你也有其他的问题
-
为啥自定义异常都继承了java.lang.RuntimeException类而不是继承最初的异常类呢?
-
@JsonFormat和@DateTimeFormat的区别是啥?
-
@ExceptionHandler注解的作用是啥?
使用@ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler 注解实现Controller层异常全局处理_Abysscarry的博客-CSDN博客
-
me.zhengjie.utils.ThrowableUtil工具类中java.io.StringWriter类是啥?
要说他我们需要先说一下java中的异常输出方式, 有两种抛出的方式,一种是我们常用的System.out标准输出流打印,另外一种是Throwable本身具有的方法e.printStackTrace()打印出更深层的信息。但有时候仅仅输出到控制台是不够的,我们往往都希望把异常给写入到数据库或者文件中去。所以这种时候就需要我们的java.io.StringWriter出场了,用它创建一个输入流,先把异常给输出了,还是上边的那个方法,不过不同的是,它有好几个构造方法,这次我们调用有参构造StringWriter/PrintWriter在Java输出异常信息中的作用 - Evil_XJZ - 博客园。既然是IO流当然需要我们去手动关闭一下啦,在java7之前我们还是用老一套的try,catch,finally,但是在java7的时候出现了一个语法糖[利用try-with-resource机制关闭连接_白白胖胖充满希望-CSDN博客]
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