美文网首页
EL-Admin框架-异常处理模块

EL-Admin框架-异常处理模块

作者: SmileFH | 来源:发表于2021-01-28 16:59 被阅读0次

    一、common模块下me.zhengjie.exception包(异常处理)中类的解读

    me.zhengjie.exception包下的类

    总体上是用类似策略模式的自定义的异常,借全局异常处理器,根据抛出的异常类分别去处理抛出的不同异常。

    1.类似策略模式的自定义异常类解读

    ①me.zhengjie.exception.BadConfigurationException(配置异常)类,继承java.lang.RuntimeException类(用来在程序中抛出配置异常通知)

    整个类继承复制java.lang.RuntimeException类,只是改了方法名字

    public class BadConfigurationException extends RuntimeException {
        /**
         * Constructs a new runtime exception with {@code null} as its
         * detail message.  The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be
         * initialized by a call to {@link `#initCause}`.
         */
        public BadConfigurationException() {
            super();
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail message.
         * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
         * call to {@link #initCause}.
         *
         * @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for
         *                later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
         */
        public BadConfigurationException(String message) {
            super(message);
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail message and
         * cause.  <p>Note that the detail message associated with
         * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
         * this runtime exception's detail message.
         *
         * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
         *                by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
         * @param cause   the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
         *                {@link #getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
         *                permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
         *                unknown.)
         * @since 1.4
         */
        public BadConfigurationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
            super(message, cause);
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified cause and a
         * detail message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())}
         * (which typically contains the class and detail message of
         * {@code cause}).  This constructor is useful for runtime exceptions
         * that are little more than wrappers for other throwables.
         *
         * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
         *              {@link #getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
         *              permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
         *              unknown.)
         * @since 1.4
         */
        public BadConfigurationException(Throwable cause) {
            super(cause);
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new runtime exception with the specified detail
         * message, cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable
         * stack trace enabled or disabled.
         *
         * @param message            the detail message.
         * @param cause              the cause.  (A {@code null} value is permitted,
         *                           and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
         * @param enableSuppression  whether or not suppression is enabled
         *                           or disabled
         * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
         *                           be writable
         * @since 1.7
         */
        protected BadConfigurationException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
            super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
        }
    }
    

    ②me.zhengjie.exception.BadRequestException(错误请求异常)类继承java.lang.RuntimeException类

    // lombok中为成员变量生成get方法的注解
    @Getter
    public class BadRequestException extends RuntimeException{
    
        private Integer status = BAD_REQUEST.value();
    
        public BadRequestException(String msg){
            // 调用父类中的单参数构造方法
            super(msg);
        }
    
        public BadRequestException(HttpStatus status,String msg){
            // 调用父类中的单参数构造方法
            super(msg);
            // 给请求异常中的状态码赋值
            this.status = status.value();
        }
    }
    

    ③me.zhengjie.exception.EntityExistException(实体类已经存在异常)类继承java.lang.RuntimeException类

    public class EntityExistException extends RuntimeException {
    
        public EntityExistException(Class clazz, String field, String val) {
            // 把拼接好的内容作为参数调用父类的方法
            super(EntityExistException.generateMessage(clazz.getSimpleName(), field, val));
        }
    
        private static String generateMessage(String entity, String field, String val) {
            // 首字母大写并手动拼接需要的内容
            return StringUtils.capitalize(entity)
                    + " with " + field + " "+ val + " existed";
        }
    }
    

    ④me.zhengjie.exception.EntityNotFoundException(实体不存在异常类)继承java.lang.RuntimeException类

    public class EntityNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    
        public EntityNotFoundException(Class clazz, String field, String val) {
            // 调用类的getSimpleName()方法得到类的简写
            // 作为String参数调用父类中的单参数构造方法
            super(EntityNotFoundException.generateMessage(clazz.getSimpleName(), field, val));
        }
    
        private static String generateMessage(String entity, String field, String val) {
            // 首字母大写并手动拼接所需字符串
            return StringUtils.capitalize(entity)
                    + " with " + field + " "+ val + " does not exist";
        }
    }
    

    2. 全局异常处理配置类

    ①me.zhengjie.exception.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler(全局异常处理器)

    其中涉及到了me.zhengjie.utils.ThrowableUtil#getStackTrace()自定义异常堆栈信息获取方法,me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError返回给前端的API错误信息类

    // 日志注解
    @Slf4j
    // 映射注解增强器[详情戳这里了解](https://www.cnblogs.com/UncleWang001/p/10949318.html)
    @RestControllerAdvice
    public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    
        /**
         * 处理所有不可知的异常
         */
        // 异常处理器注解
        @ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleException(Throwable e){
            // 打印堆栈信息
            log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getMessage()));
        }
    
        /**
         * BadCredentialsException
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(BadCredentialsException.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> badCredentialsException(BadCredentialsException e){
            // 打印堆栈信息
            String message = "坏的凭证".equals(e.getMessage()) ? "用户名或密码不正确" : e.getMessage();
            log.error(message);
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(message));
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理自定义异常
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(value = BadRequestException.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> badRequestException(BadRequestException e) {
            // 打印堆栈信息
            log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getStatus(),e.getMessage()));
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理 EntityExist
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(value = EntityExistException.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> entityExistException(EntityExistException e) {
            // 打印堆栈信息
            log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(e.getMessage()));
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理 EntityNotFound
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(value = EntityNotFoundException.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> entityNotFoundException(EntityNotFoundException e) {
            // 打印堆栈信息
            log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(NOT_FOUND.value(),e.getMessage()));
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理所有接口数据验证异常
         */
        @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
        public ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e){
            // 打印堆栈信息
            log.error(ThrowableUtil.getStackTrace(e));
            String[] str = Objects.requireNonNull(e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0).getCodes())[1].split("\\.");
            String message = e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors().get(0).getDefaultMessage();
            String msg = "不能为空";
            if(msg.equals(message)){
                message = str[1] + ":" + message;
            }
            return buildResponseEntity(ApiError.error(message));
        }
    
        /**
         * 统一返回
         */
        private ResponseEntity<ApiError> buildResponseEntity(ApiError apiError) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(apiError, HttpStatus.valueOf(apiError.getStatus()));
        }
    }
    

    ②me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError类(返回给前端的响应体内容对象)

    // lombok中生成类中get/set方法,equls方法,hashcode方法,tostring方法,空参构造的注解
    @Data
    class ApiError {
    
        // 返回的默认HTTP状态码
        private Integer status = 400;
        // 后端日期时间格式转换成json格式的注解
        @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
        // 当前时间的时间戳
        private LocalDateTime timestamp;
        // API异常携带的信息
        private String message;
    
        private ApiError() {
            timestamp = LocalDateTime.now();
        }
    
        /**
         * 静态默认响应状态码构造方法,方便调用
         *
         * @author Hue Fu
         * @param message java.lang.String
         * @return me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError
         * @date 2021-01-28 14:13
         * @since 0.0.1
         */
        public static ApiError error(String message){
            ApiError apiError = new ApiError();
            apiError.setMessage(message);
            return apiError;
        }
    
        /**
         * 自定义默认响应信息(状态码和携带信息)构造方法
         *
         * @author Hue Fu
         * @param status java.lang.Integer
         * @param message java.lang.String
         * @return me.zhengjie.exception.handler.ApiError
         * @date 2021-01-28 14:14
         * @since 0.0.1
         */
        public static ApiError error(Integer status, String message){
            ApiError apiError = new ApiError();
            apiError.setStatus(status);
            apiError.setMessage(message);
            return apiError;
        }
    }
    

    到现在为止我们把EL-Admin框架中的异常处理的所有类都梳理了一遍。其中起主要作用的是me.zhengjie.exception.handler.GlobalExceptionHandler这个全局异常处理类,通过它,我们实现了对服务器端API中异常的全局性管理。在这个类中起主要作用的代码是@RestControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler这两个注解,没有@RestControllerAdvice这个注解我们无法对每个API进行增强映射建议,没有@ExceptionHandler注解我们没法对特殊的异常类做自定义化操作。
    当然也许其中你也有其他的问题

    1. 为啥自定义异常都继承了java.lang.RuntimeException类而不是继承最初的异常类呢?

      继承不继承不是这么说的

    2. @JsonFormat和@DateTimeFormat的区别是啥?

      @JsonFormat和@DateTimeFormat的区别

    3. @ExceptionHandler注解的作用是啥?

      使用@ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler 注解实现Controller层异常全局处理_Abysscarry的博客-CSDN博客

    4. me.zhengjie.utils.ThrowableUtil工具类中java.io.StringWriter类是啥?

      要说他我们需要先说一下java中的异常输出方式, 有两种抛出的方式,一种是我们常用的System.out标准输出流打印,另外一种是Throwable本身具有的方法e.printStackTrace()打印出更深层的信息。但有时候仅仅输出到控制台是不够的,我们往往都希望把异常给写入到数据库或者文件中去。所以这种时候就需要我们的java.io.StringWriter出场了,用它创建一个输入流,先把异常给输出了,还是上边的那个方法,不过不同的是,它有好几个构造方法,这次我们调用有参构造StringWriter/PrintWriter在Java输出异常信息中的作用 - Evil_XJZ - 博客园。既然是IO流当然需要我们去手动关闭一下啦,在java7之前我们还是用老一套的try,catch,finally,但是在java7的时候出现了一个语法糖[利用try-with-resource机制关闭连接_白白胖胖充满希望-CSDN博客]

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:EL-Admin框架-异常处理模块

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/kuqttltx.html