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Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex
ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a
large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs
Line develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.
5 A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of
each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it
unfertilized. By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex
ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of
descendants an individual will have and hence the
10 number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a
female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters.
Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their
host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly
emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse,
15 offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one
female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay
her to produce one male only, because this one male
could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher,
Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy,
20 but he went a step further in recognizing that he was
looking for a strategy.
1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and
Hamilton was similar in that both scientists
(A) conducted their research at approximately
the same time
(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of someof the animals they studied
(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex
ratios exist and remain stable
(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important
groundwork for the later development of strategy
theory
(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species
For the following question, consider each of the
choices separately and select all that apply
2. The passage contains information that would
answer which of the following questions about
wasps?
A How many eggs does the female wasp
usually lay in a single host larva?
B Can some species of wasp determine sex
ratios among their offspring?
C What is the approximate sex ratio
among the offspring of parasitic wasps?
3. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of
parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?
(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.
(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of
other insects.
(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that
was hatched in the same larva as herself.
(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is
almost certain.
(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they
reach sexual maturity.
1. 第一题定位到文章最后一句话，结合文章主旨直接
得出答案。
A. 新内容，same time；
B. 新内容，manipulate；（注：sought 是 seek（寻
求）的过去式；）
C. 答案；
D. 新内容，game theory（实际上该文是由长阅读截
取的，未保留的部门是有涉及
博弈论的内容的）， later development；
E. 虽然貌似一直都在说 reproduction，但是文章主
旨是强调 sex ratios；
2. 回答问题多选题：
A. 文章没有任何数字；
B. 定位第五行：
“A female stores sperm and can determine the
sex of each egg she lays”
C. 文章后半部分并没有涉及到“卵在别人家孩子肚子
里的这种情况”的具体性别
比例。
3. EXCEPT 题
A. 定位第五行： By Desperado
“A female stores sperm and can determine the
sex of each egg she lays”
B. 定位在 12 行：
“Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within
their host—the larva of
another insect”；
C. 定位到 17 行：
“because this one male could fertilize all his
sisters on emergence”，也就是
说，在同一个幼虫体内长大的兄弟姐妹们是可以互相交
配的，事实上只有一个
兄弟就够了。
D. Female 手里有 sperm（杀夫取精），生男生女看心
情，只要有她在，就不会灭
绝。
E. 定位在 L13，“the newly emerged adult wasps
mate immediately”
希望大家能从以上典例中得到GRE阅读学习上的一丝启发~更多GRE学习备考疑问解答与资料获取请戳R妹 LGGRE335
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