React native 基本介绍

作者: FlyElephant | 来源:发表于2019-04-21 21:43 被阅读7次

React native源自React，React 是一套可以用简洁的语法高效绘制Dom的框架。React中需要使用JSX语法，JSX是对JavaScript的扩展。JSX可以将CSS，HTML，表达式进行一起书写，简化了html代码书写的形式。

Virtual Dom

JSX 经过 babel 编译为 React.createElement() 的形式，其返回结果就是 Virtual DOM，最后通过 ReactDOM.render() 将 Virtual DOM 转化为真实的 DOM 展现在界面上。

虚拟DOM是React的优势，具有批处理和高效的Diff算法。这让我们可以无需担心性能问题而”毫无顾忌”的随时“刷新”整个页面，由虚拟 DOM来确保只对界面上真正变化的部分进行实际的DOM操作。

React native

React 在前端取得成功之后，希望在移动端开发统一Android和iOS，于是React native随之诞生。React native可以通过JSX语法更快的实现UI布局，通过JavaScriptCore与native之间进行交互。

JavaScript 是一种单线程的语言，它不具备自运行的能力，总是被动调用。React Native执行环境是是 Objective-C 创建了一个单独的线程，这个线程只用于执行 JavaScript 代码，而且 JavaScript 代码只会在这个线程中执行。

即使使用了React Native，依然需要 UIKit 等框架，调用的是 Objective-C 代码。JavaScript 只是辅助，提供了一个简化两端UI重复开发一个工作，对于Native而言只是锦上添花，而非雪中送炭。单纯想通过React native放弃native端目前是不太现实的。

React native 加载流程

JavaScript Core 是一个面向 Objective-C 的框架，在 Objective-C 可以通过JSContext获取到对象，方法等各种信息，调用执行JavaScript 函数。

React Native 解决这个问题的方案是在 Objective-C 和 JavaScript 两端都保存了一份配置表，里面标记了所有 Objective-C 暴露给 JavaScript 的模块和方法。这样，无论是哪一方调用另一方的方法，实际上传递的数据只有 ModuleId、MethodId 和 Arguments 这三个元素，它们分别表示类、方法和方法参数，当 Objective-C 接收到这三个值后，就可以通过 runtime 唯一确定要调用的是哪个函数，然后调用这个函数。

React native视图展示通过RCTRootView来展示，RCTRootView需要一个实例化的RCTBridge.

    rctBridge = [[RCTBridge alloc] initWithBundleURL:rnCodeLocation
                                          moduleProvider:nil
                                           launchOptions:launchOptions];

RCTBridge是 Objective-C 与 JavaScript 交互的桥梁，后续的方法交互完全依赖于它，而整个初始化过程的最终目的其实也就是创建这个桥梁对象。

RCTBridge通过初始化方法setUp来生成RCTBatchedBridge。

RCTBatchedBridge 的作用是批量读取 JavaScript 对 Objective-C 的方法调用，同时它内部持有一个 JavaScriptExecutor，这个对象用来执行 JavaScript 代码。

  Class batchedBridgeClass = objc_lookUpClass("RCTBatchedBridge");
  Class cxxBridgeClass = objc_lookUpClass("RCTCxxBridge");

  Class implClass = nil;

  if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(shouldBridgeUseCxxBridge:)]) {
    if ([self.delegate shouldBridgeUseCxxBridge:self]) {
      implClass = cxxBridgeClass;
    } else {
      implClass = batchedBridgeClass;
    }
  } else if (cxxBridgeClass != nil) {
    implClass = cxxBridgeClass;
  } else if (batchedBridgeClass != nil) {
    implClass = batchedBridgeClass;
  }

BatchedBridge 的关键是 start 方法分为五个步骤：

加载 JavaScript 源码
加载所有不能被懒加载的native modules
初始化RCTJSCExecutor 对象，执行JavaScript代码
生成模块列表并写入 JavaScript 端
执行 JavaScript 源码

加载JavaScript源码

  __weak RCTBatchedBridge *weakSelf = self;
  __block NSData *sourceCode;
  [self loadSource:^(NSError *error, NSData *source, __unused int64_t sourceLength) {
    if (error) {
      RCTLogWarn(@"Failed to load source: %@", error);
      dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        [weakSelf stopLoadingWithError:error];
      });
    }

    sourceCode = source;
    dispatch_group_leave(initModulesAndLoadSource);
  } onProgress:^(RCTLoadingProgress *progressData) {
#if RCT_DEV && __has_include("RCTDevLoadingView.h")
    RCTDevLoadingView *loadingView = [weakSelf moduleForClass:[RCTDevLoadingView class]];
    [loadingView updateProgress:progressData];
#endif
  }];

加载native modules

注册Module

RCT_EXPORT_MODULE 可以通过RCTRegisterModule注册Module.

@protocol RCTBridgeModule <NSObject>

/**
 * Place this macro in your class implementation to automatically register
 * your module with the bridge when it loads. The optional js_name argument
 * will be used as the JS module name. If omitted, the JS module name will
 * match the Objective-C class name.
 */
#define RCT_EXPORT_MODULE(js_name) \
RCT_EXTERN void RCTRegisterModule(Class); \
+ (NSString *)moduleName { return @#js_name; } \
+ (void)load { RCTRegisterModule(self); }

// Implemented by RCT_EXPORT_MODULE
+ (NSString *)moduleName;

@optional

  NSMutableArray<Class> *moduleClassesByID = [NSMutableArray new];
  NSMutableArray<RCTModuleData *> *moduleDataByID = [NSMutableArray new];
  NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, RCTModuleData *> *moduleDataByName = [NSMutableDictionary new];

  // Set up moduleData for pre-initialized module instances
  RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(0, @"extraModules", nil);
  for (id<RCTBridgeModule> module in extraModules) {
    Class moduleClass = [module class];
    NSString *moduleName = RCTBridgeModuleNameForClass(moduleClass);

    if (RCT_DEBUG) {
      // Check for name collisions between preregistered modules
      RCTModuleData *moduleData = moduleDataByName[moduleName];
      if (moduleData) {
        RCTLogError(@"Attempted to register RCTBridgeModule class %@ for the "
                    "name '%@', but name was already registered by class %@",
                    moduleClass, moduleName, moduleData.moduleClass);
        continue;
      }
    }

    // Instantiate moduleData container
    RCTModuleData *moduleData = [[RCTModuleData alloc] initWithModuleInstance:module
                                                                       bridge:self];
    moduleDataByName[moduleName] = moduleData;
    [moduleClassesByID addObject:moduleClass];
    [moduleDataByID addObject:moduleData];

    // Set executor instance
    if (moduleClass == self.executorClass) {
      _javaScriptExecutor = (id<RCTJavaScriptExecutor>)module;
    }
  }
  RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"");

  // The executor is a bridge module, but we want it to be instantiated before
  // any other module has access to the bridge, in case they need the JS thread.
  // TODO: once we have more fine-grained control of init (t11106126) we can
  // probably just replace this with [self moduleForClass:self.executorClass]
  RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(0, @"JavaScriptExecutor", nil);
  if (!_javaScriptExecutor) {
    id<RCTJavaScriptExecutor> executorModule = [self.executorClass new];
    RCTModuleData *moduleData = [[RCTModuleData alloc] initWithModuleInstance:executorModule
                                                                       bridge:self];
    moduleDataByName[moduleData.name] = moduleData;
    [moduleClassesByID addObject:self.executorClass];
    [moduleDataByID addObject:moduleData];

RCTModuleData 模型

RCTModuleData 保存需要导出的常量和实例方法.

/**
 * Returns the module methods. Note that this will gather the methods the first
 * time it is called and then memoize the results.
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSArray<id<RCTBridgeMethod>> *methods;

/**
 * Returns the module's constants, if it exports any
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *exportedConstants;

RCTModuleData暴露给 JavaScript 的方法需要用 RCT_EXPORT_METHOD 这个宏来标记，为函数名加上了 rct_export 前缀，再通过 runtime 获取类的函数列表，找出其中带有指定前缀的方法并放入数组中:

- (NSArray<id<RCTBridgeMethod>> *)methods
{
  if (!_methods) {
    NSMutableArray<id<RCTBridgeMethod>> *moduleMethods = [NSMutableArray new];

    if ([_moduleClass instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(methodsToExport)]) {
      [moduleMethods addObjectsFromArray:[self.instance methodsToExport]];
    }

    unsigned int methodCount;
    Class cls = _moduleClass;
    while (cls && cls != [NSObject class] && cls != [NSProxy class]) {
      Method *methods = class_copyMethodList(object_getClass(cls), &methodCount);

      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {
        Method method = methods[i];
        SEL selector = method_getName(method);
        if ([NSStringFromSelector(selector) hasPrefix:@"__rct_export__"]) {
          IMP imp = method_getImplementation(method);
          NSArray *entries =
            ((NSArray *(*)(id, SEL))imp)(_moduleClass, selector);
          id<RCTBridgeMethod> moduleMethod =
            [[RCTModuleMethod alloc] initWithMethodSignature:entries[1]
                                                JSMethodName:entries[0]
                                                      isSync:((NSNumber *)entries[2]).boolValue
                                                 moduleClass:_moduleClass];

          [moduleMethods addObject:moduleMethod];
        }
      }

      free(methods);
      cls = class_getSuperclass(cls);
    }

    _methods = [moduleMethods copy];
  }
  return _methods;
}

Objective-C 中Bridge 持有一个数组，数组中保存了所有的模块的 RCTModuleData 对象。只要给定 ModuleId 和 MethodId 就可以唯一确定要调用的方法。

初始化JSExecutor

    dispatch_group_notify(setupJSExecutorAndModuleConfig, bridgeQueue, ^{
      // We're not waiting for this to complete to leave dispatch group, since
      // injectJSONConfiguration and executeSourceCode will schedule operations
      // on the same queue anyway.
      [performanceLogger markStartForTag:RCTPLNativeModuleInjectConfig];
      [weakSelf injectJSONConfiguration:config onComplete:^(NSError *error) {
        [performanceLogger markStopForTag:RCTPLNativeModuleInjectConfig];
        if (error) {
          RCTLogWarn(@"Failed to inject config: %@", error);
          dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            [weakSelf stopLoadingWithError:error];
          });
        }
      }];
      dispatch_group_leave(initModulesAndLoadSource);
    });

- (void)setUp
{
#if RCT_PROFILE
#ifndef __clang_analyzer__
  _bridge.flowIDMap = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
#endif
  _bridge.flowIDMapLock = [NSLock new];

  for (NSString *event in @[RCTProfileDidStartProfiling, RCTProfileDidEndProfiling]) {
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                             selector:@selector(toggleProfilingFlag:)
                                                 name:event
                                               object:nil];
  }
#endif

  [self executeBlockOnJavaScriptQueue:^{
    if (!self.valid) {
      return;
    }

    JSGlobalContextRef contextRef = nullptr;
    JSContext *context = nil;
    if (self->_context) {
      context = self->_context.context;
      contextRef = context.JSGlobalContextRef;
    } else {
      if (self->_useCustomJSCLibrary) {
        JSC_configureJSCForIOS(true, RCTJSONStringify(@{
          @"StartSamplingProfilerOnInit": @(self->_bridge.devSettings.startSamplingProfilerOnLaunch)
        }, NULL).UTF8String);
      }
      contextRef = JSC_JSGlobalContextCreateInGroup(self->_useCustomJSCLibrary, nullptr, nullptr);
      context = [JSC_JSContext(contextRef) contextWithJSGlobalContextRef:contextRef];
      // We release the global context reference here to balance retainCount after JSGlobalContextCreateInGroup.
      // The global context _is not_ going to be released since the JSContext keeps the strong reference to it.
      JSC_JSGlobalContextRelease(contextRef);
      self->_context = [[RCTJavaScriptContext alloc] initWithJSContext:context onThread:self->_javaScriptThread];
      [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:RCTJavaScriptContextCreatedNotification
                                                          object:context];

      installBasicSynchronousHooksOnContext(context);
    }

    RCTFBQuickPerformanceLoggerConfigureHooks(context.JSGlobalContextRef);

    __weak RCTJSCExecutor *weakSelf = self;
    context[@"nativeRequireModuleConfig"] = ^NSArray *(NSString *moduleName) {
      RCTJSCExecutor *strongSelf = weakSelf;
      if (!strongSelf.valid) {
        return nil;
      }

      RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"nativeRequireModuleConfig", @{ @"moduleName": moduleName });
      NSArray *result = [strongSelf->_bridge configForModuleName:moduleName];
      RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"js_call,config");
      return RCTNullIfNil(result);
    };

    context[@"nativeFlushQueueImmediate"] = ^(NSArray<NSArray *> *calls){
      RCTJSCExecutor *strongSelf = weakSelf;
      if (!strongSelf.valid || !calls) {
        return;
      }

      RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"nativeFlushQueueImmediate", nil);
      [strongSelf->_bridge handleBuffer:calls batchEnded:NO];
      RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"js_call");
    };

    context[@"nativeCallSyncHook"] = ^id(NSUInteger module, NSUInteger method, NSArray *args) {
      RCTJSCExecutor *strongSelf = weakSelf;
      if (!strongSelf.valid) {
        return nil;
      }

      RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"nativeCallSyncHook", nil);
      id result = [strongSelf->_bridge callNativeModule:module method:method params:args];
      RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"js_call,config");
      return result;
    };

#if RCT_PROFILE
    __weak RCTBridge *weakBridge = self->_bridge;
    context[@"nativeTraceBeginAsyncFlow"] = ^(__unused uint64_t tag, __unused NSString *name, int64_t cookie) {
      if (RCTProfileIsProfiling()) {
        [weakBridge.flowIDMapLock lock];
        NSUInteger newCookie = _RCTProfileBeginFlowEvent();
        CFDictionarySetValue(weakBridge.flowIDMap, (const void *)cookie, (const void *)newCookie);
        [weakBridge.flowIDMapLock unlock];
      }
    };

    context[@"nativeTraceEndAsyncFlow"] = ^(__unused uint64_t tag, __unused NSString *name, int64_t cookie) {
      if (RCTProfileIsProfiling()) {
        [weakBridge.flowIDMapLock lock];
        NSUInteger newCookie = (NSUInteger)CFDictionaryGetValue(weakBridge.flowIDMap, (const void *)cookie);
        _RCTProfileEndFlowEvent(newCookie);
        CFDictionaryRemoveValue(weakBridge.flowIDMap, (const void *)cookie);
        [weakBridge.flowIDMapLock unlock];
      }
    };

    // Add toggles for JSC's sampling profiler, if the profiler is enabled
    if (JSC_JSSamplingProfilerEnabled(context.JSGlobalContextRef)) {
      // Mark this thread as the main JS thread before starting profiling.
      JSC_JSStartSamplingProfilingOnMainJSCThread(context.JSGlobalContextRef);

      __weak JSContext *weakContext = self->_context.context;

#if __has_include("RCTDevMenu.h")
      // Allow to toggle the sampling profiler through RN's dev menu
      [self->_bridge.devMenu addItem:[RCTDevMenuItem buttonItemWithTitle:@"Start / Stop JS Sampling Profiler" handler:^{
        RCTJSCExecutor *strongSelf = weakSelf;
        if (!strongSelf.valid || !weakContext) {
          return;
        }
        [weakSelf.bridge.devSettings toggleJSCSamplingProfiler];
      }]];
#endif

      // Allow for the profiler to be poked from JS code as well
      // (see SamplingProfiler.js for an example of how it could be used with the JSCSamplingProfiler module).
      context[@"pokeSamplingProfiler"] = ^NSDictionary *() {
        if (!weakContext) {
          return @{};
        }
        JSGlobalContextRef ctx = weakContext.JSGlobalContextRef;
        JSValueRef result = JSC_JSPokeSamplingProfiler(ctx);
        return [[JSC_JSValue(ctx) valueWithJSValueRef:result inContext:weakContext] toObject];
      };
    }
#endif

#if RCT_DEV
    RCTInstallJSCProfiler(self->_bridge, context.JSGlobalContextRef);

    // Inject handler used by HMR
    context[@"nativeInjectHMRUpdate"] = ^(NSString *sourceCode, NSString *sourceCodeURL) {
      RCTJSCExecutor *strongSelf = weakSelf;
      if (!strongSelf.valid) {
        return;
      }

      JSGlobalContextRef ctx = strongSelf->_context.context.JSGlobalContextRef;
      JSStringRef execJSString = JSC_JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(ctx, sourceCode.UTF8String);
      JSStringRef jsURL = JSC_JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(ctx, sourceCodeURL.UTF8String);
      JSC_JSEvaluateScript(ctx, execJSString, NULL, jsURL, 0, NULL);
      JSC_JSStringRelease(ctx, jsURL);
      JSC_JSStringRelease(ctx, execJSString);
    };
#endif
  }];
}

Native代码注册到JavaScript端

- (NSString *)moduleConfig
{
  NSMutableArray<NSArray *> *config = [NSMutableArray new];
  for (RCTModuleData *moduleData in _moduleDataByID) {
    if (self.executorClass == [RCTJSCExecutor class]) {
      [config addObject:@[moduleData.name]];
    } else {
      [config addObject:RCTNullIfNil(moduleData.config)];
    }
  }

  return RCTJSONStringify(@{
    @"remoteModuleConfig": config,
  }, NULL);
}

Objective-C 把 config 字符串设置成 JavaScript 中名为__fbBatchedBridgeConfig的全局变量。

  [_javaScriptExecutor injectJSONText:configJSON
                  asGlobalObjectNamed:@"__fbBatchedBridgeConfig"
                             callback:onComplete];

执行JavaScript代码

- (void)enqueueApplicationScript:(NSData *)script
                             url:(NSURL *)url
                      onComplete:(RCTJavaScriptCompleteBlock)onComplete
{
  RCTAssert(onComplete != nil, @"onComplete block passed in should be non-nil");

  RCTProfileBeginFlowEvent();
  [_javaScriptExecutor executeApplicationScript:script sourceURL:url onComplete:^(NSError *scriptLoadError) {
    RCTProfileEndFlowEvent();
    RCTAssertJSThread();

    if (scriptLoadError) {
      onComplete(scriptLoadError);
      return;
    }

    RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"FetchApplicationScriptCallbacks", nil);
    [self->_javaScriptExecutor flushedQueue:^(id json, NSError *error)
     {
       RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"js_call,init");
       [self handleBuffer:json batchEnded:YES];
       onComplete(error);
     }];
  }];
}

Objective-C 与 JavaScript交互

Objective-C 调用 JavaScript

Objective-C开辟一个单独的线程运行JavaScript代码：

- (void)executeBlockOnJavaScriptQueue:(dispatch_block_t)block
{
  if ([NSThread currentThread] != _javaScriptThread) {
    [self performSelector:@selector(executeBlockOnJavaScriptQueue:)
                 onThread:_javaScriptThread withObject:block waitUntilDone:NO];
  } else {
    block();
  }
}

调用JavaScript可以直接发送事件:

/**
 * Send an event that does not relate to a specific view, e.g. a navigation
 * or data update notification.
 */
- (void)sendEventWithName:(NSString *)name body:(id)body;

JavaScript调用Native

在调用 Objective-C 代码时，JavaScript 会解析出方法的 moduleID、methodID 和 params 并放入到 MessageQueue 中，等待 Objective-C 主动拿走，或者超时后主动发送给 Objective-C。

- (id)callNativeModule:(NSUInteger)moduleID
                method:(NSUInteger)methodID
                params:(NSArray *)params
{
  if (!_valid) {
    return nil;
  }

  RCTModuleData *moduleData = _moduleDataByID[moduleID];
  if (RCT_DEBUG && !moduleData) {
    RCTLogError(@"No module found for id '%zd'", moduleID);
    return nil;
  }

  id<RCTBridgeMethod> method = moduleData.methods[methodID];
  if (RCT_DEBUG && !method) {
    RCTLogError(@"Unknown methodID: %zd for module: %zd (%@)", methodID, moduleID, moduleData.name);
    return nil;
  }

  @try {
    return [method invokeWithBridge:self module:moduleData.instance arguments:params];
  }
  @catch (NSException *exception) {
    // Pass on JS exceptions
    if ([exception.name hasPrefix:RCTFatalExceptionName]) {
      @throw exception;
    }

    NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:
                         @"Exception '%@' was thrown while invoking %@ on target %@ with params %@",
                         exception, method.JSMethodName, moduleData.name, params];
    RCTFatal(RCTErrorWithMessage(message));
    return nil;
  }
}

优势 / 劣势

优势：

对于开发者而言，移动开发者有机会熟悉前端开发模式，前端能了解native开发流程；
能够利用 JavaScript 动态更新的特性，快速迭代。

劣势:

1.无法兼容Android和iOS两个版本，官方版本的组件中有Android和iOS组建的区分；

2.不能做到完全屏蔽 iOS 端或 Android 的细节，前端开发者必须对原生平台有所了解。

3.由于 Objective-C 与 JavaScript 之间切换存在固定的时间开销，所以性能必定不及原生。

参考连接:

https://bestswifter.com/react-native/

React native 基本介绍

Virtual Dom

React native

React native 加载流程

加载JavaScript源码

加载native modules

注册Module

RCTModuleData 模型

初始化JSExecutor

Native代码注册到JavaScript端

执行JavaScript代码

Objective-C 与 JavaScript交互

Objective-C 调用 JavaScript

JavaScript调用Native

优势 / 劣势

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