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Netty源码分析系列--8. Channel和ChannelP

Netty源码分析系列--8. Channel和ChannelP

作者: ted005 | 来源:发表于2018-11-04 15:22 被阅读31次

    Channel的创建

    前文中提到ServerBootStrap在启动配置中的方法channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)会创建一个ReflectiveChannelFactory并赋值给成员变量channelFactory。当调用绑定端口号方法bind(8899)时,本质是通过反射调用NioServerSocketChannel构造函数来创建Channel

    1. 创建ChannelFactory实例:
    public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
        if (channelClass == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
        }
        return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
    }
    
    1. NioServerSocketChannel的构造函数
    public class NioServerSocketChannel extends AbstractNioMessageChannel
                             implements io.netty.channel.socket.ServerSocketChannel {
    
      private static final SelectorProvider DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER = SelectorProvider.provider();
    
      private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) {
          try {
              return provider.openServerSocketChannel();
          } catch (IOException e) {
              throw new ChannelException(
                      "Failed to open a server socket.", e);
          }
      }
    
      // 1. 构造函数,调用静态方法创建ServerSocketChannel
      public NioServerSocketChannel() {
          this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER));
      }
    
      // 2. 调用父类构造函数
      public NioServerSocketChannel(ServerSocketChannel channel) {
          super(null, channel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
          config = new NioServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket());
      }
    }
    
    • 在构造函数中首先调用静态方法newSocket(),创建一个Java Nio ServerSocketChannel实例,它继承SelectableChannel

    • 然后调用父类AbstractNioChannel的构造函数,它会持有上一步创建的ServerSocketChannel实例并赋值给变量ch,同时配置为非阻塞ch.configureBlocking(false),如下:

      protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
          super(parent);
          // 1. NioServerSocketChannle(netty)持有ServerSocketChannel(jdk)
          this.ch = ch;
          this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
          try {
              // 2. 配置为非阻塞
              ch.configureBlocking(false);
          } catch (IOException e) {
              try {
                  ch.close();
              } catch (IOException e2) {
                  if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                      logger.warn(
                              "Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2);
                  }
              }
      
              throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e);
          }
      }
      

    ChannelPipeline

    1. ChannelPipeline的创建

    继续查看父类AbstractChannel可以发现,在构造函数中,创建了ChannelPipeline,并赋值给pipeline对象。

    protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent, ChannelId id) {
        this.parent = parent;
        this.id = id;
        unsafe = newUnsafe();
        // 1. 赋值给pipeline对象
        pipeline = newChannelPipeline();
    }
    
    protected DefaultChannelPipeline newChannelPipeline() {
        // 当前对象this,即Channel传入
        return new DefaultChannelPipeline(this);
    }
    
    • Channel通过变量pipeline持有ChannelPipeline
    • DefaultChannelPipeline的构造函数接受this为参数,因此ChannelPipeline也持有Channel

    2. ChannelPipeline的拦截过滤器模式

    • ChannelPipeline中可以添加多个ChannelHandler,I/O事件在ChannelPipeline中依次传递。它也提供了添加、删除ChannelHandler的方法,如addLast()removeLast()等。

    ChannelPipeline是线程安全的,可以随时添加或删除ChannelHandler。

    • ChannelPipeline中的ChannelHandler分为InboundHandlerOutBoundHandlerInboundHandler只处理I/O输入请求,OutBoundHandler只处理I/O输出请求。例如:

       ChannelPipeline p = ...;
       p.addLast("1", new InboundHandlerA());
       p.addLast("2", new InboundHandlerB());
       p.addLast("3", new OutboundHandlerA());
       p.addLast("4", new OutboundHandlerB());
       p.addLast("5", new InboundOutboundHandlerX());
      
    image.png

    15ChannelHandler的整体添加顺序,其中12是InboundHandler,34是OutboundHandler,而5即可以处理输入又可以处理输出。因此I/O事件的传播如上图:
    输入: 1 -> 2 -> 5
    输出: 5 -> 4 -> 3

    • ChannelPipeline中I/O事件的传播依靠调用ChannelHandlerContext的方法:
    Inbound Outbound
    fireChannelRegistered bind
    fireChannelActive connect
    fireChannelRead write
    fireExceptionCaught flush
    ...... ......
    public class MyInboundHandler extends {@link ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter} {
      @Override
      public void channelActive({@link ChannelHandlerContext} ctx) {
          System.out.println("Connected!");
          ctx.fireChannelActive();
      }
    }
    

    在上例中,自定义Handler MyInboundHandler在自己的channelActive方法中调用了ctx.fireChannelActive()方法,将事件传播给下一个Handler

    3. ChannelPipeline中添加耗时任务的方式

    当自定义Handler中需要处理耗时较长的任务时,有2种方式:

    • 添加到ChannelPipeline时,指定事件执行组EventExecutorGroup

      EventExecutorGroup group = new DefaultEventExecutorGroup(16);
      
      ChannelPipeline pipeline = ......;
      
      pipeline.addLast("decoder", new MyProtocolDecoder());
      pipeline.addLast("encoder", new MyProtocolEncoder());
      // 指定事件执行组
      pipeline.addLast(group, "handler", new MyBusinessLogicHandler());
      
    • 或者在自定义Handler中使用线程池ExecutorService处理。

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