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Netty源码分析系列--4. JDK的Future接口和Net

Netty源码分析系列--4. JDK的Future接口和Net

作者: ted005 | 来源:发表于2018-10-28 18:15 被阅读14次

    JDK Future接口

    public interface Future<V> {
    
        boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
    
        boolean isCancelled();
    
        boolean isDone();
    
        V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
    
        V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)  throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
    }
    
    • idDone()方法返回 true 的情况:
      1. 成功完成
      2. 取消
      3. 发生异常
    • get()阻塞方法,会等待完成。

    FutureTask类

    FutureTask类实现了RunnableFuture接口,该接口即继承了Future接口,又继承了Runnable接口,代表一个有返回结果的、可执行的任务。

    public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
          void run();
    }
    

    FutureTask类的构造函数支持RunnableCallable接口的实现类,其中Runnable实例通过工具类Executors.callable方法转换为Callable实例,并赋值给实例变量callable

    public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {
    
      private volatile int state;
      private static final int NEW          = 0;
      private static final int COMPLETING   = 1;
      private static final int NORMAL       = 2;
      private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3;
      private static final int CANCELLED    = 4;
      private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
      private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6;
    
      private Callable<V> callable;
    
      public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
          if (callable == null)
              throw new NullPointerException();
          this.callable = callable;
          this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
      }
    
      public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
          this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
          this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
      }
    }
    

    FutureTask的实例可以提交到ExecutorService中执行。例如:

      public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception {
                return 1 + 2;
            }
        });
    
        System.out.println(future.get());
    }
    

    RunableAdapter的适配器模式

    看一下Executors.callable的实现,创建了一个RunnableAdapter实例:

     public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
        if (task == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
     }
    

    RunnableAdapter类是工具栏Executors的静态内部类,实现了Callable接口定义的call方法。它持有Runnable类型的任务task对象和返回结果result

      static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
        //持有目标对象
        final Runnable task;
        final T result;
        RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
            this.task = task;
            this.result = result;
        }
        public T call() {
            task.run();
            return result;
        }
     }
    

    call方法的执行逻辑是调用task对象的run方法,然后将传入的结果result返回

    Netty提供的Future接口

    Netty的Future接口继承了JDK的Future接口,同时提供了更多的方法:

    public interface Future<V> extends java.util.concurrent.Future<V> {
    
        boolean isSuccess();
    
        Throwable cause();
    
        Future<V> addListener(GenericFutureListener<? extends Future<? super V>> listener);
    
        Future<V> removeListener(GenericFutureListener<? extends Future<? super V>> listener);
    
        Future<V> sync() throws InterruptedException;
    
        Future<V> await() throws InterruptedException;
    
        V getNow();
    }
    
    • 任务成功完成isSuccess()返回true

    • 任务执行过程中有异常,cause()会返回异常对象

    • 任务被取消执行,父接口方法isCancelled返回true

    • 以上3种情况isDone()均为true

      //任务完成
       if (task.isDone()) {
          if (task.isSuccess()) {
              // 成功
          } else if (task.isCancelled()) {
              // 被取消
          } else {
              // 异常
              System.out.print(task.cause())
          }
       }
      
    • awaitsync都会阻塞,并等待任务完成

    • getNow()不会阻塞,会立即返回,但任务尚未执行完成时,会返回null

    • addListener方法在当前Future对象中添加监听器,当任务完成时,会通知所有的监听器。

    ChannelFuture接口

    ChannelFuture继承了Netty的Future接口,代表 Netty channel的I/O操作的执行结果。在Netty中所有的I/O操作都是异步的,会立即返回一个代表I/O操作的结果,即ChannelFuture

    在获得执行结果时,推荐使用添加监听器,监听执行完成事件operaionCompleted,而不要使用await方法

        public interface GenericFutureListener<F extends Future<?>> extends EventListener {
            //当任务完成时,会被调用
            void operationComplete(F future) throws Exception;
        }
    

    不能在ChannelHandler中调用await,会造成死锁。因为ChannelHandler中的方法通常是I/O线程调用的,再调用await会造成I/O阻塞。

     //错误
     @Override
     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
       ChannelFuture future = ctx.channel().close();
       future.awaitUninterruptibly();
       // Perform post-closure operation
       // ...
     }
    
     // 正确
     @Override
     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
       ChannelFuture future = ctx.channel().close();
       future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
           public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) {
               // Perform post-closure operation
               // ...
           }
       });
     }
    

    即使是通过添加ChannelFutureListener的方式获取执行结果,但要注意的是:回调方法operationComplete也是由I/O线程调用的,所以也不能在其中执行耗时任务。如必须,则启用线程池执行。

    ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(new ServerInitializer())
                    .bind(8899)
                    .sync();
    

    bind方法是异步的,其返回值是ChannelFuture类型。需要调用sync()同步方法,等待绑定动作执行完成。

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