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CocoaPods的安装以及遇到的坑

CocoaPods的安装以及遇到的坑

作者: 真巧了_嘿 | 来源:发表于2016-12-08 11:31 被阅读0次

    前几天安装cocopods出了些问题,搜索了才知道,反正各种的坑,于是在网上找了篇博客,博主写的很全面,转载过来收藏,也可以让跟我有相同经历的人得到解决方案

    以下是正文:

    一.CocoaPods是什么?

    CocoaPods是一个用Ruby写的、负责管理iOS项目中第三方开源库的工具,CocoaPods能让我们集中的、统一管理第三方开源库,为我们节省设置和更新第三方开源库的时间。

    二.CocoaPods的安装

    因为Mac电脑自带Ruby环境,我们就只需打开终端开始动手。

    (1)、将Ruby 的软件源替换成国内的

    ruby 的软件源( https://rubygems.org )使用的是亚马逊的云服务,所以自带的需要翻墙,但我们可以使用如下代码将官方的 ruby 源替换成国内淘宝的源(https://ruby.taobao.org/ )或者是由 Ruby China 社区专注维护的这个源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/ )。(我在镜像的时候开始用的是淘宝的,但会卡死,可能是不能用了,也可能是网速慢,在后面讲“坑”的时候会说)。在这我用的是Ruby China 社区专注维护的这个源(https://gems.ruby-china.org/)。

    ##(注意:复制别人的命令时不要将$也复制,终端是一直自动带着的)

    *首先,执行以下命令删除原来的ruby源:

    gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/

    执行命令后可在终端看见以下信息:

    https://rubygems.org/ removed from sources

    *然后下一步添加你找到的可用的镜像源(这里我没有用淘宝的源:https://ruby.taobao.org/ ):

    gem sources -a https://gems.ruby-china.org/

    *验证新源是否替换成功

    gem sources -l

    终端输出:

    *** CURRENT SOURCES ***

    https://gems.ruby-china.org/

    到此ruby 源替已经换成国内的源

    (2)、开始安装 CocoaPods

    其实就是执行sudo gem install cocoapods命令这么简单,但这一步是最容易出现坑的。

    =========可能出现的状况(坑)=========

    问题一:While executing gem ... (Errno::EPERM)  Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/fuzzy_match    错误

    解决方案 :

    执行sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods  语句。然后提示gems installed即可。

    问题二:Error installing pods:active support requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2

    解决方案 :

    查看ruby版本

    $ruby -v

    终端会输出你的ruby 版本信息

    查看目前的所有ruby版本:

    $rvm list known

    如果提示command not found 请先安装rvm

    $curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

    如果已安装会列出所有的ruby版本:

    MRI Rubies

    [ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]

    [ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head

    [ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]

    [ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]

    [ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]

    [ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]

    [ruby-]2.1[.8]

    [ruby-]2.2[.4]

    [ruby-]2.3[.0]

    [ruby-]2.2-head

    ruby-head

    ......

    安装2.2.2:

    $rvm install 2.2.2

    终端运行结果:(如果直接成功请绕过homebrew的卸载安装)

    Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.

    Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2

    Checking requirements for osx.

    About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,

    type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)

    :

    回车:

    It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall you

    should do the following before running this installer again:

    ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL

    "The current contents of /usr/local are .git

    Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

    出现Requirements installation failed with status: 1.时才执行:

    $ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

    卸载home-brew

    Warning: This script will remove:/Library/Caches/Homebrew//usr/local/.git/

    Are you sure you want to uninstall Homebrew? [y/N] y

    ==> Removing Homebrew installation...

    ==> Removing empty directories...

    ==> Homebrew uninstalled!

    You may want to restore /usr/local's original permissions

    sudo chmod 0755 /usr/local

    sudo chgrp wheel /usr/local

    再执行:

    $ rvm install 2.2.2

    提示:

    Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.

    Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2

    Checking requirements for osx.

    About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,

    type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user):

    按回车:

    ==> This script will install:

    /usr/local/bin/brew

    /usr/local/Library/...

    /usr/local/share/doc/homebrew

    /usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew

    /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew

    Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort

    ==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew

    Password:

    这里需要输入电脑密码:

    ==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew

    ==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew

    ==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...

    remote: Counting objects: 501, done.

    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.

    remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0

    Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.

    Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.

    From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

    * [new branch]      master    -> origin/master

    HEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length

    ==> Tapping homebrew/core

    Cloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...

    remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.

    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.

    remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0

    Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.

    Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.

    Checking connectivity... done.

    Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.

    Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)

    ==> Installation successful!

    ==> Next steps

    Run `brew help` to get started

    Further documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs

    ==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics

    Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:

    https://git.io/brew-analytics

    Installing requirements for osx.

    Updating system.....

    Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........

    Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.

    Requirements installation successful.

    ruby-2.2.2 - #configure

    ruby-2.2.2 - #download

    % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed  Time    Time    Time  Current

    Dload  Upload  Total  Spent    Left  Speed

    100 6854k  100 6854k    0    0  61342      0  0:01:54  0:01:54 --:--:--  132k

    ruby-2.2.2 - #validate archive

    ruby-2.2.2 - #extract

    ruby-2.2.2 - #validate binary

    ruby-2.2.2 - #setup

    ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2@global

    ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................

    ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........

    ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2

    ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list

    ruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........

    Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.

    mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission denied

    mkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudo

    haha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl':

    and sudo mkdir worked

    至此ruby2.2.2就安装好了,也可以直接安装更高的版本,只需将版本号修改一下

    然后我们继续sudo gem install cocoapods

    问题三、Setting up CocoaPods master repo 卡着不动

    出现Setting up CocoaPods master repo,说明Cocoapods正在将它的信息下载到 ~/.cocoapods里;(这一步是很费时间的,等输出Setup completed 安装完成啦)

    在此过程中可以右击终端选 --->新建窗口;在新建的终端窗口输入:

    cd ~/.cocoapods

    进入cocoa pods文件,然后在终端输入:

    du -sh *

    即可查看下载的文件大小。也就可以知道是网速不好,还是源不可用了。

    解决方案 :

    1、第一次我用淘宝的https://ruby.taobao.org/ 替换自带的软件源,du -sh *查看下载的文件大小,一直不变(不知道是网速的原因,还是淘宝这个源不可用)。然后我就换到这个源https://gems.ruby-china.org/ 。重新搞了一遍。它的下载速度还是蛮快的,文件大约是800多兆。

    2、也可以使用cocoapods的镜像索引.

    所有项目的Podspec文件都托管在https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs ,第一次执行pod setup时,CocoaPods会将这些podspec索引文件更新到本地的~/.cocoapods目录下,这个索引文件比较大,所以第一次更新时非常慢.友好人士在国内的服务器建立了Cocoapods索引库的镜像,所以执行索引跟新操作时候会快很多.具体操作方法如下:

    $ pod repo remove master

    $ git clone https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master

    $ pod repo update

    这是使用gitcafe上的镜像,将以上代码中的 https://gitcafe.com/akuandev/Specs.git 替换成 https://git.oschina.net/akuandev/Specs.git 即可使用oschina上的镜像。

    问题四、出现如下

    [!] An error occurred while performing `git pull` on repo `master`.

    [!] /usr/bin/git pull --ff-only

    原因: Cocoapods的分支不支持当前最新的Xcode版本

    解决办法: 删除master分支 重新建立新的分支

    sudo rm -fr ~/.cocoapods/repos/master

    然后再: pod setup

    第五个问题是在别人的博客中看到的

    问题五:解决升级EI Capiton CocoaPods "pod: command not found"

    升级OS X EI Capiton之后,发现CocoaPods的pod无效了,运行pod后显示:"pod: command not found"的错误。

    解决步骤:

    1.为了安全起见,执行命令"sudo gem uninstall cocoapods",卸载原有的CocoaPod

    2.执行命令"sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods"来重新安装cocoapod

    3.如果没有权限执行pod,执行命令"sudo chmod +rx /usr/local/bin/",赋予/usr/local/bin给予执行与读取权限

    原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/6ff1903c3f11

    三、CocoaPods的使用

    (1)查找第三方库

    pod search AFNetworking

    (2)、创建Podfile文件

    在终端使用cd +路径切换到项目所在文件下,然后输入:

    touch Podfile

    就可以在项目目录里看到Podfile文件。也可以使用

    pod init

    来创建,

    打开Podfile文件:

    open Podfile

    然后 pod install就可以了

    (3)、 删除已经配置的类库和移除CocoaPods

    可以去查看http://www.jianshu.com/p/552f21a989ba?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral 这篇文章。

    pod install与pod update区别:

    1.使用pod install来安装新的库,即使你的工程里面已经有了Podfile,并且已经执行过pod install命令了;所以即使你是添加或移除库,都应该使用pod install。

    2.使用pod update [PODNAME] 只有在你需要更新库到更新的版本时候用。

    小技巧:

    最近使用CocoaPods来添加第三方类库,无论是执行pod install还是pod update都卡在了Analyzing dependencies不动原因在于当执行以上两个命令的时候会升级CocoaPods的spec仓库,加一个参数可以省略这一步,然后速度就会提升不少。加参数的命令如下:

    pod install --verbose --no-repo-updatepod update --verbose --no-repo-update

    参考资料:http://blog.csdn.net/u012960049/article/details/52275272

    http://blog.devtang.com/2014/05/25/use-cocoapod-to-manage-ios-lib-dependency/

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