无意识是真实的心灵状态

**  薄荷阅读《心理学百科》笔记整理

>>  THE PSYCHOLOGY BOOK

- Psychotherapy: The Unconscious Determines Behavior –

· The Unconscious Is the True Psychical Reality ·

**  无意识是真实的心灵状态

【学者其人】

>>  Sigmund Freud

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德

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无意识是真实的心灵状态

>>  Born Sigismund Schlomo Freud in Freiberg, Moravia, Freud was openly his mother’s favourite child; she called him “Golden Siggie”.

**  弗洛伊德出生在的摩拉维亚地区，一个叫弗莱堡的城镇。此地当时属于奥匈帝国，后来属于捷克共和国。他出生时的名字是Sigismund Schlomo Freud，他家总共八个娃，而且他小时候是其母亲最疼爱的孩子，她亲切地唤他为“金色西吉”，Siggie正是Sigismund的昵称)。

>>  When Freud was four years old, the family moved to Vienna and Sigismund became Sigmund.

**  当他四岁的时候，全家搬到维也纳，他也从西吉斯蒙德(Sigismund)改名成西格蒙德(Sigmund)。

>>  Sigmund completed a medical degree and in 1886 he opened a medical practice specializing in neurology, and married Martha Bernays.

**  后来弗洛伊德取得了医学学位，并于1886年开了一家诊所，专门治疗神经疾病，同年与玛莎伯内斯结婚。

>>  Eventually, he developed the “talking cure” that was to become an entirely new psychological approach: psychoanalysis.

**  最终，他开创了“谈话治疗”，这渐渐成为一种全新的心理学治疗方法：精神分析。

>>  In 1908, Freud established the Psychoanalytic Society, which ensured the future of his school of thought.

**  1908年，弗洛伊德成立精神分析学会，学会前身是昨天提到的维也纳精神分析学会，这使得他的学术思想在未来得以延续。

>>  During World War II, the Nazis publicly burned his work, and Freud moved to London. He died by assisted suicide, after enduring mouth cancer.

**  第二次世界大战期间，纳粹公开焚烧他的作品，然后弗洛伊德就搬到伦敦。在不堪口腔癌的折磨后，他请求医生为他实施了安乐死。

弗洛伊德主要作品 Key Works

1900 《梦的解析》The Interpretation of Dreams

1904 《日常生活的心理病理学》The Psychopathology of Everyday Life

1905 《性学三论》Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

1930 《文明与缺憾》Civilization and Its Discontents

句子解析

1. Breuer disagreed with what he felt was Freud’s eventual overemphasis on the sexual origins and content of neuroses (problems caused by psychological conflicts), and the two parted; Freud to continue developing the ideas and techniques of psychoanalysis.

本句大意：布洛伊尔并不认同弗洛伊德过分强调人的本能和精神症（由于精神冲突引发的问题）。于是两人分道扬镳，弗洛伊德继续发展精神分析的观点和技术

2. Since the unconscious is all-encompassing, Freud says, it contains within it the smaller spheres of the conscious and an area called the “preconscious”.

本句大意：弗洛伊德说，因为无意识是包罗一切的，所以与意识是有一小部分重叠的：这块区域称为“前意识”。

3. In addition to the drives of the life and death forces, it encompasses the intensity of repressed memories and emotions, as well as the contradictions inherent in our views of conscious reality alongside our repressed reality.

本句大意：(除了前面一些东西，Unconscious还包括)存在一种矛盾：这种矛盾来源于我们对感知现实和我们自己压抑的现实的看法。