--The nobel table can be used to practice more subquery./zh

--1、紅十字國際委員會 (International Committee of the Red Cross) 曾多次獲得和平獎。 試找出與紅十字國際委員會同年得獎的文學獎(Literature)得獎者和年份。

SELECT  winner, yr 
    FROM nobel 
   where  yr in (SELECT yr 
                    FROM nobel 
                   WHERE winner = 'International Committee of the Red Cross' 
                      AND subject = 'Peace' )
       AND subject='Literature';

--2、日本物理學家益川敏英 (Toshihide Maskawa) 曾獲得物理獎。同年還有兩位日本人一同獲得物理獎。試列出這2位日本人的名稱。

SELECT winner
FROM nobel x
WHERE (subject = (SELECT subject 
                     FROM nobel y 
                     WHERE winner = 'Toshihide Maskawa' 
                     AND x.yr = y.yr ))
    AND winner <>'Toshihide Maskawa';

--3、首次頒發的經濟獎 (Economics)的得獎者是誰?

SELECT winner
    FROM nobel
   WHERE yr <= ALL(
                SELECT yr 
                    FROM nobel y 
                   WHERE subject ='Economics') 
      AND subject='Economics';

--4、哪幾年頒發了物理獎，但沒有頒發化學獎?

SELECT DISTINCT yr 
    FROM nobel 
   WHERE subject='Physics' 
     AND yr NOT IN (SELECT yr 
                       FROM nobel  
                       WHERE subject = 'Chemistry ') ;

--5、哪幾年的得獎者人數多於12人呢? 列出得獎人數多於12人的年份，獎項和得獎者。

SELECT yr, subject, winner
FROM nobel
WHERE yr IN (
            SELECT yr 
                FROM nobel 
               GROUP BY yr 
               HAVING COUNT(winner)>12 );

--6、哪些得獎者獲獎多於1次呢？他們是哪一年獲得哪項獎項呢？ 列出他們的名字，獲獎年份及獎項。先按名字，再按年份順序排序。

SELECT winner, yr, subject
    FROM nobel
   WHERE winner IN (SELECT winner 
                        FROM nobel 
                       GROUP BY winner 
                       HAVING COUNT(winner)>1)
   ORDER BY winner, yr;