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7. Spring的事务控制

7. Spring的事务控制

作者: 飞扬code | 来源:发表于2019-10-18 16:25 被阅读0次

    1、基于XML的声明式事务控制

    1)准备
    image.png image.png image.png

    pom.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.neuedu</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring_demo09_tx_xml</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.6</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
                <version>1.8.7</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.12</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>
    
    

    bean.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <!-- 配置业务层-->
        <bean id="accountService" class="com.neuedu.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
            <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 配置账户的持久层-->
        <bean id="accountDao" class="com.neuedu.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
    
        <!-- 配置数据源-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydata"></property>
            <property name="username" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

    实体类Account

    package com.neuedu.domain;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    /**
     * 账户的实体类
     */
    public class Account implements Serializable {
    
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Float money;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Float getMoney() {
            return money;
        }
    
        public void setMoney(Float money) {
            this.money = money;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Account{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", money=" + money +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    

    持久层实现类AccountDaoImpl

    package com.neuedu.dao.impl;
    
    import com.neuedu.dao.AccountDao;
    import com.neuedu.domain.Account;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * 账户的持久层实现类
     */
    public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao {
    
        @Override
        public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
            List<Account> accounts = super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
            return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
            List<Account> accounts = super.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
            if(accounts.isEmpty()){
                return null;
            }
            if(accounts.size()>1){
                throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
            }
            return accounts.get(0);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void updateAccount(Account account) {
            super.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
        }
    }
    
    

    持久成接口AccountDao

    package com.neuedu.dao;
    
    import com.neuedu.domain.Account;
    
    /**
     * 账户的持久层接口
     */
    public interface AccountDao {
    
        /**
         * 根据Id查询账户
         * @param accountId
         * @return
         */
        Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);
    
        /**
         * 根据名称查询账户
         * @param accountName
         * @return
         */
        Account findAccountByName(String accountName);
    
        /**
         * 更新账户
         * @param account
         */
        void updateAccount(Account account);
    }
    
    

    业务层实现类AccountServiceImpl

    package com.neuedu.service.impl;
    
    import com.neuedu.dao.AccountDao;
    import com.neuedu.domain.Account;
    import com.neuedu.service.AccountService;
    
    /**
     * 账户的业务层实现类
     *
     * 事务控制应该都是在业务层
     */
    public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    
        private AccountDao accountDao;
    
        public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
            this.accountDao = accountDao;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
            return accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);
    
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
            System.out.println("transfer....");
                //2.1根据名称查询转出账户
                Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
                //2.2根据名称查询转入账户
                Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
                //2.3转出账户减钱
                source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
                //2.4转入账户加钱
                target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
                //2.5更新转出账户
                accountDao.updateAccount(source);
    
                int i=1/0;
    
                //2.6更新转入账户
                accountDao.updateAccount(target);
        }
    }
    
    

    业务层接口AccountService

    package com.neuedu.service;
    
    import com.neuedu.domain.Account;
    
    /**
     * 账户的业务层接口
     */
    public interface AccountService {
        /**
         * 根据id查询账户信息
         * @param accountId
         * @return
         */
        Account findAccountById(Integer accountId);
    
        /**
         * 转账
         * @param sourceName    转成账户名称
         * @param targetName    转入账户名称
         * @param money         转账金额
         */
        void transfer(String sourceName,String targetName,Float money);
    }
    
    

    测试类AccountServiceTest

    package com.neuedu.test;
    
    import com.neuedu.service.AccountService;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    
    /**
     * 使用Junit单元测试:测试我们的配置
     */
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:bean.xml")
    public class AccountServiceTest {
    
        @Autowired
        private AccountService as;
    
        @Test
        public  void testTransfer(){
            as.transfer("aaa","bbb",100f);
    
        }
    
    }
    
    
    2)基于XML的声明式事务控制配置步骤:
    • 1、配置事务管理器
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
    • 2、配置事务的通知
      此时我们需要导入事务的约束 tx名称空间和约束,同时也需要aop的
      使用tx:advice标签配置事务通知
      属性:
      1)id:给事务通知起一个唯一标识
      2)transaction-manager:给事务通知提供一个事务管理器引用

    导入约束


    image.png image.png
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    
        <!-- 配置事务的通知-->
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:advice>
    
    • 3、配置AOP中的通用切入点表达式
        <!-- 配置aop-->
        <aop:config>
            <!-- 配置切入点表达式-->
            <aop:pointcut id="pt1" expression="execution(* com.neuedu.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:pointcut>
    
        </aop:config>
    
    • 4、建立事务通知和切入点表达式的对应关系
            <!--建立切入点表达式和事务通知的对应关系 -->
            <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt1"></aop:advisor>
    
    image.png
    • 5、配置事务的属性
      是在事务的通知tx:advice标签的内部

    配置事务的属性

    • isolation:用于指定事务的隔离级别。默认值是DEFAULT,表示使用数据库的默认隔离级别。
    • propagation:用于指定事务的传播行为。默认值是REQUIRED,表示一定会有事务,增删改的选择。查询方法可以选择SUPPORTS。
    • read-only:用于指定事务是否只读。只有查询方法才能设置为true。默认值是false,表示读写。
    • timeout:用于指定事务的超时时间,默认值是-1,表示永不超时。如果指定了数值,以秒为单位。
    • rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务回滚,产生其他异常时,事务不回滚。没有默认值。表示任何异常都回滚。
    • no-rollback-for:用于指定一个异常,当产生该异常时,事务不回滚,产生其他异常时事务回滚。没有默认值。表示任何异常都回滚。
    image.png
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
                <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true"></tx:method>
            </tx:attributes>
    

    样例数据库


    image.png

    产生异常:


    image.png

    数据库数据没变化


    2、基于注解的声明式事务控制

    1)准备
    image.png image.png

    以之前的工程为模板进行改造
    bean.xml改造


    image.png

    增加约束

           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    

    改造Service层


    image.png

    改造Dao层


    image.png
    package com.neuedu.dao.impl;
    
    import com.neuedu.dao.AccountDao;
    import com.neuedu.domain.Account;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * 账户的持久层实现类
     */
    @Repository("accountDao")
    public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
    
        @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Override
        public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
            List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
            return accounts.isEmpty()?null:accounts.get(0);
        }
    
        @Override
        public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
            List<Account> accounts = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
            if(accounts.isEmpty()){
                return null;
            }
            if(accounts.size()>1){
                throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
            }
            return accounts.get(0);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void updateAccount(Account account) {
            jdbcTemplate.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
        }
    }
    
    

    继续改造bean.xml

        <!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.neuedu"></context:component-scan>
        
        <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
    2)基于注解 的声明式事务控制配置步骤

    1、配置事务管理器

        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    

    2、开启spring对注解事务的支持

        <!-- 开启spring对注解事务的支持-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
    

    3、在需要事务支持的地方使用@Transactional注解


    image.png

    bean.xml 完整内容

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.neuedu"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate-->
        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
    
        <!-- 配置数据源-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydata"></property>
            <property name="username" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        </bean>
    
    
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!-- 开启spring对注解事务的支持-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
    
    </beans>
    
    image.png

    结论:选择xml配置,一劳永逸,否则一个service需要根据不同的方法配置不同的注解

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