Article II - v0.3.0 Draft EOS.IO Constitution - Property Rights

Thomas 对宪法中，物权法的释疑

Purpose（目的）

As previously discussed in the Design Principles of this Draft, the EOSIO Software will define a blockchain (and community) that is largely property and defined by property rights. The purpose of this article is to establish an individual and inviolable right to property, within the context of the chain's legal and arbitration process.

正如之前在本草案设计原则中所讨论的那样，EOSIO软件将定义一个区块链（和社区），该区块链（和社区）主要是由产权界定的财产。本文的目的是在连锁的法律和仲裁过程中建立个人独立的不可侵犯的财产权。

Text of Article（文章文本）

The rights of contract and of private property shall be sacred, therefore no property shall change hands except with the consent of the owner or by a lawful Arbitrator’s order.

合约和私人财产的权利应当是神圣的，因此，除非本人同意或合法的仲裁员的命令，否则任何财产不得转手。

Discussion（讨论）

Contracts are the primary way property rights are exchanged on a blockchain. Property rights are a cornerstone of all modern democracies and a core value of blockchains in particular.

合同是区块链上交换产权的主要方式。产权是所有现代民主国家的基石，特别是区块链的核心价值。

Article II implies several things:（第二条意味着几件事情：）

If you receive any property in an improper way, i.e. someone sells you a stolen bicycle that they themselves never legally owned and thus never had proper legal title to, then your purchase of that bicycle is null and void. When the true owner shows up, the property law requires you to give up the bicycle. You can attempt to get your money back from the thief.

You should not buy things unless the seller can prove they own it.

如果您以不正当的方式收到任何财产，即某人向您出售自己从未合法拥有且因此从未拥有适当法定所有权的被盗自行车，则您购买该自行车无效。当真正的主人出现时，物权法要求你放弃自行车。你可以尝试从小偷那里拿回你的钱。

除非卖家可以证明他们拥有它，否则你不应该进行此购买行为。

You should be careful of buying things from sellers who are sketchy, don't have strong identity, don't have insurance, aren't part of a vendor's guild that guarantees the integrity of their members, and who hasn't posted a performance bond. (A 'performance bond' is a pot of money that the vendor owns but cannot quickly withdraw -- therefore if you prevail in a judgment against that vendor, that money is available to be drawn from to pay you.)

你应该小心从来历不明的卖家那里买东西，没有强身份认证，没有保险，不是供应商行会的一部分且为此提供诚信背书。 （“履约保证金”是供应商拥有但不能快速撤回的一大笔资金 - 因此，如果您在对该供应商的起诉中胜诉，那么这笔钱可用来支付您的费用。）

The presence of Ricardian contracts attached to each smart contract and each transaction will go a long way to establish the intention of the parties. A typical bike-sale transaction might include provisions like "I the seller guarantee that I have full and proper title to this bike." When that statement turns out to be false, you have a very strong cause of action against the seller for fraud.

每个智能合约和每笔交易都附有Ricardian合约，这对于确定各方的意图有很大的帮助。典型的自行车销售交易可能包括诸如“我卖家保证我拥有这辆自行车的完整和正确的标题”的条款。当这个陈述结果是错误的时候，你有一个非常坚实的反对卖方欺诈行为的理由。

On the other hand if a provision reads "I the buyer have had ample opportunity to inspect the title of this bike and I am satisfied of its provenance, and agree to hold the seller harmless in the event of a dispute over title," then if it turned out to be stolen, a very different outcome would ensue -- you would lose the bike and face serious difficulty in pursuing a claim against the seller. (The owner of the stolen bike would still be able to make a claim against the thief, if found, and the seller might also if the seller were duped.)

另一方面，如果条款规定“我买方有足够的机会检查这辆自行车的标题，并且我对它的证据感到满意，并同意在发生所有权争议时保持卖方无害”，那么如果它被证明是被盗的，结果会非常不同 - 你会失去自行车，并且将难以向卖方索赔。 （被盗的自行车的拥有者仍然可以向盗贼提出索赔）。

How to Propose and Critique a Constitutional Provision

Purpose of this document: to assist the reader in both making a proposal for a new or changed provision to a Constitution, and to assist in the formulation and statement of critiques, in order to elevate the level of discourse of all participants and ensure that the highest level of clear communication is achieved.

本文件的目的：协助读者提出一项新的或更改的宪法建议，并协助制定和批评评论，以提高所有参与者的话语水平，并确保达到最高水平的清晰沟通。

How to Propose a Constitutional Provision（如何提出宪法规定）

Some common problems arise when proposing new Constitutional provisions. This section offers some guidance that has proven helpful.

提出新的宪法条款时会出现一些常见问题。本节提供了一些经证明有用的指导。

Values vs Positions（价值与立场）

A proposal for a specific Constitutional provision, e.g. an article protecting free speech, is a position and positions are nearly always attempts to advance general values in a specific fashion or context. It’s possible, for instance, for two people to share a value but disagree on which position will better advance that value. (Example: two people both feel free speech is important for a free society, but one advocates for government subsidies for struggling local newspapers as a way to increase free speech, while the other opposes that position, and believes government money would destroy those papers’ integrity and credibility.)

有关具体宪法规定的建议，例如一篇保护言论自由的文章是一种立场以及该立场几乎总是试图以一种特定的方式或背景推进一般价值。例如，有可能让两个人分享一个价值，但不同意哪个立场会更好地提升这个价值。 （例如：两个人都觉得言论自由对自由社会很重要，但一个人主张政府补贴挣扎的地方报纸作为增加言论自由的途径，而另一个则反对这一立场，并认为政府的资金会摧毁那些论文的“诚信和可信度。）

It’s also possible for two people to have very different values as well as different positions -- for them, fighting over the position is endless because it’s unlikely one particular position will satisfy two differing values. (Example: two people disagree on when life begins, at conception or at birth, and therefore cannot agree on the morality or legality of abortion.) For these people to attempt to find a common position, without realizing they have incompatible values, will result in an enormous waste of time.

两个人也可能有不同的价值观以及不同的立场 - 对他们来说，争夺位置是无止境的，因为不可能有一个特定的位置满足两个不同的价值观。 （例如：两个人在生命是从怀孕开始或出生开始时就有不同的看法，因此无法就堕胎的道德或合法性达成一致。）对于这些人试图找到一个共同的立场，却没有意识到他们有不相容的价值观，将导致浪费很多时间。

Therefore, when proposing a specific Constitutional provision, it is probably wise to preface it with the value or purpose you intend to serve with that provision. This will make it easier for you and your dialog partners to discover whether they share your values or not, and keep the dialog as fruitful as possible.

因此，在提出具体的宪法条款时，将其与该条款打算用于服务的价值或目的联系起来可能是明智的。这将使您和您的对话伙伴更容易发现他们是否共享您的价值观，并保持对话尽可能富有成效。

Brevity, Ramifications, and Implications（简洁，分支和含义）

General practice has long been for Constitutional provisions to be brief. This has allowed the overall document to be short enough to read, maintains a high level of abstraction, and gives some flexibility for implementing that provision in various ways in varying circumstances. It’s also common for two people to read the same provision and imagine very different ways for that provision to play out in real life -- and they often wonder if their dialog partner has thought it through or not.

一般惯例一直是宪法条款简短。这使整个文件足够短，可以阅读，保持高度的抽象，并在各种情况下以各种方式实施该规定时提供一些灵活性。对于两个人来说，阅读相同的规定并想象出在现实生活中可以采用不同的方式来实现这一点也很常见 - 而且他们常常怀疑他们的对话伙伴是否已经思考过它。

In order to keep the actual Constitutional provision brief, while also allowing for dialog partners to see each others’ thinking, it is probably wise to follow the text of the provision with some commentary where you lay out the implications and ramifications of that provision.

为了保持实际的宪法条款简洁，同时也允许对话伙伴看到对方的想法，遵循该条文的案文并附上一些评论，说明该条款的含义和影响。

References（参考）

Few Constitutional provisions are created from scratch without reference to other, often a great many, sources. Making those sources readily available can help newcomers to a particular discussion orient themselves. Therefore it’s probably wise to end your provision proposal with a list of some of the most common or important external references on the topic.

很少有宪法条款是从头开始创建的，而不涉及其他，通常是很多来源。随时提供这些资源可以帮助新来者进行特定的讨论。因此，最好在提供提案时列出一些关于该主题的最常见或重要的外部参考。

Example of a Proposed Constitutional Provision（拟议的宪法规定的例子）

Purpose（目的）

The purpose of this article is make lying (i.e. making statements that are misleading or false) be a violation of the Constitution and thus actionable.

本文的目的在于是说谎（即使陈述具有误导性或虚假性）违反宪法，因此可以采取相应行动。

Article Text（文章文本）

No user of this blockchain shall make knowingly false or misleading statements, nor profit thereby.

这种区块链的使用者不得故意虚报或误导性陈述，也不得从中获利。

Commentary on Article （文章评论）

"User of this blockchain" should be read as meaning every token holder, every account holder, and every person who makes use of the blockchain through a DApp. This includes a person who may interact with a DApp where the DApp holds all the tokens that are used by the person, and the person has no independent or separate token holdings or account….

“区块链用户”应理解为每个代币持有人，每个账户持有人以及通过DApp使用区块链的每个人。 这包括可能与DApp进行交互的人，其中DApp持有该人使用的所有令牌，并且该人没有独立或单独的令牌控股或账户...。

References（参考）

None yet （还没有）

I invite and encourage all members of the EOS community to offer their own Constitutional provisions in a similar fashion.

我邀请并鼓励EOS社区的所有成员以类似的方式提供他们自己的宪法条款。

How to Critique a Constitutional Provision（如何批判宪法规定）

As shared in Discussing Design: Improving Communication and Collaboration Through Critique by Adam Connor and Aaron Irizarry, good critique is comprised of three key elements. Good critique:

1. Calls out a single key idea or decision to be examined

2. Relates the idea or decision to either a design goal or an agreed best practice

3. Describes how the idea or decision either does or does not support that design goal or best practice

正如讨论设计：正如Adam Connor和 Aaron Irizarry早前分享的内容《 Discussing Design: Improving Communication and Collaboration Through Critique》所讲的那样，良好的评论包含三个关键要素。好的评论：

1.提出一个关键的想法或决定来被验证

2.将想法或决定与设计目标或商定的最佳实践相关联

3.描述这个想法或决定如何支持或不支持这个设计目标或最佳实践

In the case of a Constitutional provision, the "design goal" may be the "value" that the proposer intends to advance via the position taken by the provision.

就宪法条款而言，“设计目标”可能是提案人打算通过该条款采取的立场推进的“价值”。

As you can see, critique is harder than mere emotional reaction ("what a piece of junk!") or advice disconnected from any identified purpose, design goal, value, or best practice ("I'd do it this way...").

正如你所看到的，批评比单纯的情感反应（“简直是垃圾！”）或建议与任何已确定的目的，设计目标，价值或最佳实践脱节都更困难（“我会这样做...... “）。

(Also implied here is, if the proposer does not provide the Purpose or Discussion sections, the person who wishes to offer a Critique will have to guess what the proposer's intentions were, what value is being served, what the implications are or whether the implications were even thought through, etc.)

（这里暗示的是，如果提议者没有提供目的或讨论部分，那么希望提供批评的人将必须猜测提议者的意图是什么，提供什么价值，影响是什么或者影响甚至被认为是经过深思熟虑的，等等）

However only critique can serve to get the dialog partners onto the same page -- non-critique feedback in the form of emotional reactions and advice, while common, are nearly useless at improving the Constitutional provision being proposed.

I invite all members of the EOS community to offer their critiques of my proposed Constitutional provisions, and those of others.

然而，只有批评才能使对话伙伴保持同步 - 以情感反应和建议的形式提出的非批评性反馈虽然很普遍，但在改善提出的宪法条款方面几乎毫无用处。

我邀请EOS社区的所有成员对我提议的宪法条款和其他条款作出批评。

Hirevibes Tokens 空投。

Hirevibes是一个以众包为基础的去中心化就业平台 - 使用经济和环境激励措施。

Hirevibes Tokens（HVT）

将有3.5亿个HVT的固定供应总量。

没有更多的HVT会被创造出来。

HVT将按以下方式分发：

免费空投：2.5亿HVT（71.43％）将在EOS区块链启动后的90天内被所有EOS令牌持有者空投。

HV创始团队：5000万HVT（14.285％）将分发给HireVibes创始团队。

HV Treasury Fund：在HireVibes DAC Treasury智能合约中持有5000万HVT（14.285％）。 HireVibes社区可以对这些令牌的策略使用提出建议并进行投票。

https://www.airdropsforeos.com/en/airdrops/hirevibes/