一. 下载安装Git
查看电脑是否安装git,打开终端,输入git,回车如果输出如下,则代表已安装了git
$ git
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
[-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
<command> [<args>]
These are common Git commands used in various situations:
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
clone Clone a repository into a new directory
init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
add Add file contents to the index
mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state
rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
bisect Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug
grep Print lines matching a pattern
log Show commit logs
show Show various types of objects
status Show the working tree status
grow, mark and tweak your common history
branch List, create, or delete branches
checkout Switch branches or restore working tree files
commit Record changes to the repository
diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
merge Join two or more development histories together
rebase Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
fetch Download objects and refs from another repository
pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
push Update remote refs along with associated objects
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
macdeMacBook-Pro:~ Artron_LQQ$
如果未安装,则会输出:
$ git
The program 'git' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install git
按照提示输入: sudo apt-get install git 即可安装!!或者到此处下载:GIT下载, pkg包下载完成，双击安装。
输入命令:git --version 可查看当前git版本:
$ git --version
git version 2.5.4 (Apple Git-61)
当然,网上也有一些安装git的途径.
二. 配置
配置用户名和邮箱:
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "email@example.com"
使用 --global 修饰后设置的全局的用户,如果设置单个项目的用户,可cd到项目根目录下,执行如下命令:
$ git config user.name "Your Name"
$ git config user.email "email@example.com"
使用命令:git config --list 可查看当前用户信息以及其他的一些信息
$ git config --list
core.excludesfile=/Users/mac/.gitignore_global
difftool.sourcetree.cmd=opendiff "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
difftool.sourcetree.path=
mergetool.sourcetree.cmd=/Applications/SourceTree.app/Contents/Resources/opendiff-w.sh "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -ancestor "$BASE" -merge "$MERGED"
mergetool.sourcetree.trustexitcode=true
http.postbuffer=524288000
https.postbuffer=524288000
user.email=你的邮箱@qq.com
user.name=你的用户名
三. 建立本地git仓库
1. cd到你的项目目录
$ cd /Users/mac/Desktop/GitTest
PS: 鼠标左键将文件夹拖拽到终端内,可自动生成该文件夹路径
2. 然后,输入git命令:
$ git init
输出如下:
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/mac/Desktop/GitTest/.git/
这样就创建了一个空的本地仓库.
3. 将项目的所有文件添加到缓存中:
$ git add .
git add . ** (注意,后面有个点)表示添加目录下所有文件到缓存库,如果只添加某个文件,只需把 . 换成你要添加的文件名即可;
4. 将缓存中的文件Commit到git库
git commit -m "添加你的注释,一般是一些更改信息"
下面是第一次提交时的输出:
$ git commit -m "添加项目"
[master (root-commit) 3102a38] 添加项目
18 files changed, 1085 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/GitTest.xcscheme
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist
create mode 100644 GitTest/AppDelegate.h
create mode 100644 GitTest/AppDelegate.m
create mode 100644 GitTest/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
create mode 100644 GitTest/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard
create mode 100644 GitTest/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard
create mode 100644 GitTest/Info.plist
create mode 100644 GitTest/ViewController.h
create mode 100644 GitTest/ViewController.m
create mode 100644 GitTest/main.m
create mode 100644 GitTestTests/GitTestTests.m
create mode 100644 GitTestTests/Info.plist
create mode 100644 GitTestUITests/GitTestUITests.m
create mode 100644 GitTestUITests/Info.plist
或者不添加注释 git commit ,但是这样会进入vim(vi)编辑器
# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
# modified: LQQCircleShowImage.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
# modified: LQQCircleShowImage/TableViewCell.m
#
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"~/Desktop/LQQCircleShowImage/.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG" 8L, 292C
在这里可以输入更改信息,也可以不输入,然后 按住 shift + : ,输入wq 即可保存信息并退出vim编辑器;
四. 建立远程库
在一些代码托管平台创建项目,例如github或者开源中国社区,这里已开源中国社区为例;
创建项目后,会生成一个HTTPS链接,如下:
https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git
五. 将本地的库链接到远程库
终端中输入: git remote add origin HTTPS链接
$ git remote add origin https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git
六.上传代码到远程库
上传之前最好先Pull一下,再执行命令: git pull origin master
输出:
$ git pull origin master
warning: no common commits
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
README.md | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 README.md
即pull成功;
七. 接着执行:git push origin master
完成后输出:
$ git push origin master
Counting objects: 34, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (29/29), done.
Writing objects: 100% (34/34), 15.63 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 34 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git
5e2dda1..537ecfe master -> master
即将代码成功提交到远程库!!!
如果在push的时候有如下输出:
$ git push -u origin master
To https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/LQQCircleShowImage.git
! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/LQQCircleShowImage.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
看提示可知道,需要先pull一下,即执行一次:git pull origin master
然后再执行:git push origin master
八.分支管理
这里只给出相关指令
新建分支
$ git branch newbranch
查看分支
$ git branch
输出:
* master
newbranch
*代表当前所在的分支
切换分支
$ git checkout new branch
输出:
$ Switched to branch 'newbranch'
切换后可用git branch查看是否切换到当前分支
master
* newbranch
提交改动到当前分支
$ git add .
$ git commit -a
可使用git status查看提交状态
接着切回主分支
$ git checkout master
输出:
$ Switched to branch 'master'
将新分支提交的改动合并到主分支上
$ git merge newbranch
输出:
Updating cc73a48..93a1347
Fast-forward
GitTest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj | 9 +++++++++
.../UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate | Bin 0 -> 7518 bytes
GitTest/test.h | 13 +++++++++++++
GitTest/test.m | 13 +++++++++++++
4 files changed, 35 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate
create mode 100644 GitTest/test.h
create mode 100644 GitTest/test.m
这里我提交了两个文件,即:test.h和test.m
如果合并后产生冲突,可输入以下指令查看冲突:
$ git diff
修改之后,再次提交即可;
接下来,就可以push代码了:
$ git push -u origin master
这时可能需要你输入你的github用户名和密码,按照提示输入即可;
删除分支
$ git branch -D newbranch
输出
Deleted branch newbranch (was 93a1347).
分支管理相关资料:点击打开链接
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