1.http是什么
用户浏览器输入网址进入的过程发生了什么
用户访问网站的流程
DNS解析过程, 域名对应的ip地址
TCP/ip 三次握手, 与服务器建立链接
HTTP请求报文, 用户向服务器要东西(图片 页面)
HTTP响应报文, 把你要的内容给你
TCP/ip 四次挥手, 与服务器断开连接
image
2.DNS解析流程详解
image imageDNS域名解析过程
image imagewindows 本地hosts文件:
image域名结构(层次)
www.baidu.com. (最后的点)
[d:\~]$ ipconfig /displaydns
查看DNS缓存
[d:\~]$ ipconfig /display
释放DNS缓存
[d:\~]$ ipconfig /flushdns
清空DNS缓存
3.dig 命令使用方法
https://www.imooc.com/article/26971?block_id=tuijian_wz
dig命令主要用来从 DNS 域名服务器查询主机地址信息
yum provides dig
查询安装包
yum install -y bind-utils
安装dig bind-utils
DNS记录的类型
dig +trace www.baidu.com
记录1个对应关系
A记录
域名 ip地址记录
CNAME记录
别名记录
MX记录
邮件使用
imagenslookup 属于dig软件包
[10:25 root@web01 ~]# rpm -qf `which nslookup`
bind-utils-9.9.4-73.el7_6.x86_64
[10:27 root@web01 ~]# nslookup
> www.baidu.com
Server: 10.0.0.254
Address: 10.0.0.254#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 39.156.66.14
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 39.156.66.18
>
host 属于dig软件包
[10:28 root@web01 ~]# host www.baidu.com
www.baidu.com is an alias for www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com has address 39.156.66.18
www.a.shifen.com has address 39.156.66.14
搭建网站流程
云服务器
搭建LNMP环境部署 wordpress
购买域名
备案(网站基本性信息 个人信息 提交给信息管理局)
配置DNS解析(记录)
记录类型
主机记录
记录值
TTL 存活时间(缓存时间)
image image
HTTP请求报文与响应过程:
imageimage image
客户端请求:
image服务端响应:
image客户端请求与服务端响应的过程:
curl -v www.baicu.com
[11:31 root@web01 ~]# curl -v www.baidu.com/index.html
* About to connect() to www.baidu.com port 80 (#0) \\DNS解析
* Trying 39.156.66.14...
* Connected to www.baidu.com (39.156.66.14) port 80 (#0) \\Tcp三次握手
> GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 \\http请求报文 ,请求起始行
> User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 \\用户的浏览器
> Host: www.baidu.com \\请求域名
> Accept: */*
> \\空行
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
< Connection: Keep-Alive
< Content-Length: 2381
< Content-Type: text/html
< Date: Mon, 03 Jun 2019 03:32:03 GMT
< Etag: "588604c8-94d"
< Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMT
< Pragma: no-cache
< Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
< Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
<
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type
content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible
content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet
type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>
百度一下,你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div
....
image
wget --debug www.baidu.com
[12:06 root@web01 ~]# wget --debug www.baidu.com
DEBUG output created by Wget 1.14 on linux-gnu.
URI encoding = ‘UTF-8’
Converted file name 'index.html' (UTF-8) -> 'index.html' (UTF-8)
Converted file name 'index.html' (UTF-8) -> 'index.html' (UTF-8)
--2019-06-03 12:07:08-- http://www.baidu.com/
Resolving www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)... 39.156.66.18, 39.156.66.14
Caching www.baidu.com => 39.156.66.18 39.156.66.14
Connecting to www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)|39.156.66.18|:80... connected.
Created socket 3.
Releasing 0x000000000138e9a0 (new refcount 1).
---request begin---
GET / HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Wget/1.14 (linux-gnu)
Accept: */*
Host: www.baidu.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
---request end---
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...
---response begin---
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Length: 2381
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Mon, 03 Jun 2019 04:07:07 GMT
Etag: "588604c8-94d"
Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/
---response end---
200 OK
cdm: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Stored cookie baidu.com -1 (ANY) / <permanent> <insecure> [expiry 2019-06-04 12:07:08] BDORZ 27315
Registered socket 3 for persistent reuse.
Length: 2381 (2.3K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’
100%[========================================>] 2,381 --.-K/s in 0s
2019-06-03 12:07:08 (29.2 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [2381/2381]
※Wireshark抓包
image
image
请求流程
image
响应流程
image
状态码含义:
image image image image image
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