Holo，全新的无服web和商业模型

近期holotoken大热，上线几天，市值上涨超过12x，创造了新的币圈纪录。

holo的目标是为全新的无服务器web应用程序和商业模型铺平道路。

https://medium.com/holochain/the-holo-vision-serverless-2-0-c0b294e753ba

At a low level, the Holo project is a bridge from the internet (browsers, DNS, etc.) to hosts running the Holochain software. This will allow end-users to interact with apps on the network through their web browser.

At a high level though, the Holo paves the way for a totally new breed of serverless web applications and business models.

在较低的级别上，Holo项目是来自internet的桥梁（浏览器、DNS等）。运行Holochain软件的主机。这将允许终端用户通过他们的网络浏览器与网络上的应用程序进行交互。

不过，从更高的层次来看，Holo为全新的无服务器web应用程序和商业模型铺平了道路。

Where Serverless falls short today

Just like wireless internet has wires somewhere, serverless architectures still have servers somewhere.

What ‘serverless’ really means is that, as a developer you don’t have to think about those servers. You just focus on code.

Serverless.com

The most popular serverless options are all built on the cloud products offered by the biggest players — AWS, Microsoft, IBM and Google as commercial products. There are other “indie” options such as stdlib and webtask.io and open source clones like Kubeless.io but the market is still pretty limited.

While it’s fair to say the technology is still all very new and the situation will improve over time, the reality is that right now, to do this well requires highly abstracted software platforms deployed on cloud style infrastructure. This all requires serious capital and/or technical knowhow to maintain.

Serverless今天在这里做得不够

就像无线互联网在某些地方有连线一样，无服务器的架构在某些地方也有服务器。

“服务器无”的真正含义是，作为一个开发人员，您不必考虑这些服务器。你只需关注代码。

Serverless.com

最流行的无服务器选项都是建立在最大的参与者提供的云产品之上的。AWS，微软，IBM和谷歌作为商业产品。还有其他的“独立”选项，比如stdlib和webtask.io，以及像Kubeless.io这样的开源克隆，但市场仍然非常有限。

公平地说，该技术仍然是非常新的，形势将随着时间的推移而得到改善，但现实是，要做到这一点，需要在云风格基础设施上部署高度抽象的软件平台。这一切都需要大量的资本和/或技术知识来维持。

The serverless trend is awesome for developers who “just want to code” but shitty for the overall decentralisation of the internet. Developers can also get lumped with a nasty refactor if they want to migrate their code to another vendor. Serverless platforms come with vendor specific logic, walled gardens, pricing and contracts, leading to the rise of toolkits and middlemen attempting to paper over the rough edges.

Serverless compute also shares the same regulatory hurdles as the base cloud computing platform. For businesses looking to expand overseas, or located in less economically strong or populous regions, this can be a real pain. Vendors often charge a premium, offer limited services or no local data centres at all in many regions, yet many local lawmakers still expect data to be stored and processed securely within national borders. In many locations sensitive and classified data such as government, medical or legal records can be difficult or impossible to store in a cloud environment without legal consequences.

对于那些“只想编写代码”但对互联网总体分散化的开发人员来说，这种无服务器的趋势是令人敬畏的。如果开发人员想要将他们的代码迁移到另一个供应商，他们也可能会因为一个讨厌的重构而被混为一谈。无服务器平台附带了特定于供应商的逻辑、围墙的花园、定价和合同，这导致了试图掩盖粗糙边缘的工具包和中间商的兴起。

Serverless计算也与基础云计算平台具有同样的监管障碍。对于寻求海外扩张，或位于经济实力较弱或人口众多的地区的企业来说，这可能是一个真正的痛苦。在许多地区，供应商通常收取额外费用，提供有限的服务，或者根本没有当地数据中心，但许多地方立法者仍然期望数据在国家边界内得到安全存储和处理。在许多地点，政府、医疗或法律记录等敏感和机密的数据可能很难或不可能在不产生法律后果的情况下存储在云环境中。

Holo as Serverless 2.0

All Holochain applications (which Holo is based on) disconnected from the internet look a lot like a local serverless setup:

A key/value or document data store

JavaScript functions to access the data store and expose API endpoints

A Single Page Application (SPA) client served by the app

It’s easy to imagine how applications could be built on this stack, as many applications are already built on this stack today.

Holo as Serverless 2.0

所有从互联网上断开的Holochain应用程序（Holo基于此）看起来很像一个本地的无服务器安装程序：

键/值或文档数据存储区

用于访问数据存储和公开API端点的JavaScript函数

应用程序提供的一个单页面应用程序（SPA）客户机

可以很容易地想象如何在这个堆栈上构建应用程序，因为现在已经在这个堆栈上构建了许多应用程序。

The neat thing about Holochain is that when it connects to the internet, the data marked as “public” in the key/value store is synced with everyone else running the same version of the app. This sync works in the same way as bittorrent, with some extra logic to facilitate security and performance, so it can be confidently used as a database layer.

Holochain最妙的一点是，当连接到internet时，在键/值存储中标记为“public”的数据会与运行相同版本的应用程序的其他人同步。这种同步与bittorrent的工作方式相同，使用一些额外的逻辑来提高安全性和性能，因此可以自信地将其用作数据库层。

Your SPA can’t tell the difference between an AWS backend or a Holochain backend at this point, except that Holochain is sitting on http://localhost:8000 while AWS has a nice HTTPS protected, custom domain backed by a global CDN…

If you’re building a Holochain app for an OS like a mobile app or an Electron application then this might be fine, but it’s a total showstopper for anything browser based.

This is where Holo comes in.

您的SPA不能区分AWS后端和Holochain后端，除非Holochain位于http://localhost:8000上，而AWS有一个受保护的、由全局CDN支持的自定义域。

如果您正在为一个操作系统（比如移动应用程序或an Electron应用程序）构建一个Holochain应用程序，那么这可能是个不错的选择，但对于任何基于浏览器的应用来说，这都是一个令人大开眼界的结果。

这是Holo进来的地方。

Holo connects existing web infrastructure like DNS and HTTPS to route web requests to a decentralised network of hosts. Apps wanting to leverage Holo can configure minimum requirements for their hosts, from criteria such as:

price

uptime

latency

throughput

processing speed

geographical location

bulk storage capacities

relationship / trust metrics

industry/regulatory certifications/compliance (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, etc.)

This allows developers to always get the best possible deal on compliant hardware and guarantee service continuity, even in the face of multiple vendors being simultaneously wiped out.

Holo将现有的web基础设施（如DNS和HTTPS）连接起来，将web请求路由到分散的主机网络。想要利用Holo的应用程序可以为它们的主机配置最低要求，标准如下：

价格

开机时间

潜伏

生产量

加工速度

地理位置

散装存储容量

关系/信任度量

工业/管理认证/遵守（PCI-DSS、HIPAA等）

这使得开发人员总是能够在兼容的硬件上获得尽可能好的处理，并保证服务的连续性，即使在多个供应商同时被淘汰的情况下也是如此。

Getting paid by Holo

Holo is launching with a new cryptocurrency called Fuel. This will be provided as a Holo app with an API.

As your Holo app consumes network resources the Fuel app automatically triggers micropayments to the hosts and the Holo organisation.

If you want to generate revenue for yourself or facilitate (micro)payments between your users, simply bridge to the Holo fuel app from your standard Holo functions. Every item of data in the network is cryptographically signed by the originating user, so rewarding artists, musicians, authors, creatives or anyone else for providing great content is really easy.

Alternatively you can create your own cryptocurrency, ICO style, as a new Holo app. Simply fork or use the Fuel app as a reference implementation to get started.

If you want to build a decentralised credit card system on PCI-DSS compliant Holo hosts, please do it! that would be awesome

用Holo支付

全息以一种叫做燃料的新的加密货币发布。这将作为一个Holo应用提供一个API。

当你的全息应用程序消耗网络资源时，燃料应用程序会自动触发向主机和全息组织的微支付。

如果你想为自己创造收入，或者为用户之间的（微）支付提供便利，只需从你的标准Holo函数连接到Holo燃料应用程序。网络中的每个数据项都是由原始用户加密签名的，因此奖励艺术家、音乐家、作者、创作者或任何其他提供优秀内容的人真的很容易。

或者，您可以创建自己的加密货币，ICO风格，作为一个新的Holo应用程序。简单地叉或使用燃料应用程序作为参考实现开始。

如果你想在兼容PCI-DSS的Holo主机上建立一个分散的信用卡系统，请这样做！那就太棒了

Identity on Holo

Like all cryptocurrencies, Holo(chain) is backed by public/private key pairs.

Unlike most other cryptocurrencies, there is no intention that users remain anonymous/pseudonymous in the system.

There is a distributed key/identity management Holochain application to allow for native Single Sign On (SSO) style identities to be shared across other applications through a bridge.

OAuth and auth token (e.g. JWT) support is on the roadmap for the identity management systems, so integration with existing social logins etc. should all be possible.

全息上的身份

像所有的加密货币一样，Holo（链）也是由公钥/私钥对支持的。

与大多数其他加密货币不同，系统中不存在匿名/假名用户的意图。

有一个分布式的密钥/身份管理Holochain应用程序，允许本机单点登录在（SSO）样式的标识上，通过桥可以在其他应用程序之间共享该身份。

OAuth和认证令牌（例如，JWT）支持在身份管理系统的路线图上，因此与现有的社会登录进行集成等等。应该是可能的。

Preparing for Holo

While Holochain is live and has years of development behind it, Holo is still only halfway through the ICO. Much of what is described in this article is aspirational only at this stage.

The only difference between a Holochain and Holo app, from a development perspective, should be minor configuration updates to deploy to the Holo network.

The native testing harness and CLI tools provided by Holochain allows for simulating multiple users simultaneously on your local environment.

There are community efforts towards more sophisticated multi-user setups on a local environment, even allowing for “Holo lite” style deployments by proxying agents through standard hosting environments.

All this means that you can develop your SPA locally using the Holochain web server and be ready on day 1 for Holo launch!

为Holo做准备

虽然Holochain是在世的，并且有多年的发展，但Holo仍然只是ICO的中途。本文所描述的大部分内容只是在这一阶段才具有启发性。

从开发的角度来看，Holochain和Holo应用程序之间的唯一区别，应该是将较小的配置更新部署到Holo网络。

Holochain提供的本地测试工具和CLI工具允许在您的本地环境中同时模拟多个用户。

有一些社区努力在本地环境中建立更复杂的多用户设置，甚至允许代理代理通过标准宿主环境进行“Holo lite”样式的部署。

所有这些意味着您可以在本地使用Holochain web服务器开发SPA，并在第1天为Holo启动做好准备！

附：更多Holo信息

感谢关注“分布式云计算平台”——Holochain（HOT），Holochain运用分布式哈希表DHT和区块链衍生技术开发，充分利用现有的消费者冗余计算容量，力图彻底取代远程服务器和集中化云平台，旨在解决区块链落地的最后一公里问题。回复“社区”，获取中文社区微信群二维码，扫描二维码即可进入；欢迎关注HOLO海外社群：

Telegram（电报英文）：https://t.me/channelholo

Telegram（电报中文）：https://t.me/channelholoCN

中文社区：公号"HOLO火龙果"

1.Holo简单分析

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/iMchwfq3NcAkLbo72JaNng

2.Holo白皮书

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/X9nByvSALm9kdTqiuKihQQ

3.什么是Holochain？——分布式将会是未来货币的变革趋势

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/W1RxkDn0og_xOCBj2PH2QQ

4.HOLO的ERC20通证（HOT）和数字货币（Holo fuel）

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/oCs3N3AbeEmjidYVh2b0DA