[TOC]
动词
前言
动词是一句话的核心,是用来表示“动作”或“状态”的词汇。
动词.png- 实义动词:表达完整意义的动词。
- 及物动词:动词后可直接跟宾语。
- 不及物动词:动词后不可直接跟宾语,或须需要通过介词再接宾语。
- 系动词:用于说明主体的状态,对主体进行描述。
- be动词:用来说明主体的性质或状态,表示“是”。
- 感官动词
- 情态动词:表示说人的语气或主观看法的动词。
- 助动词:辅助动词的词,没有具体的词义,主要用于构成时态、语态或疑问、否定句。
动词形态
-
动词原形表示动词的基本形态。
-
动词过去式用于作谓语动词,表示“做了”
-
动词过去分词用于非谓语动词,相当于形容词或副词,被动语态表示“被做”,完成时态表示“已经做完”。
原形
Don't forget to lock the door. 别忘了关上门。
过去式
Are you sure you locked the front door? 你确定锁了前门吗?
过去分词
1、和助动词 be(am/is/are/was/were等) 结合成被动语态
The doors are locked from the inside. 这些门从里面被锁上了。
2、和助动词 have/has/had 结合成完成时
I have locked the doors and window. 我已经锁好了门窗。
动词的规则变化
1、大部分动词在原形词尾加"ed"
如:ask, end, walk 等
2、动词词尾以"e"结尾,往往只加"d"
如:agree, die, like 等
3、动词词尾以"辅音+y"结尾,改"y"为"i",再加"ed"
如:cry, dry, try 等
4、动词词尾以"元音+y",直接在"y"后加"ed"
如:delay, obey, destroy 等
5、元音字母+单辅音字母,且为单音节,要重复辅音字母
如:beg, pat, rob 等
6、两个音节的动词,重音在第二音节,词尾为单辅音字母时,要双写辅音字母
如:admit, occur, omit 等
7、词尾为"c",发音"/k/"时,加字母k,再加ed
如:picnic, bivouac, mimic 等
动词的不规则变化
1、A-A-A型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
read 读 | read | read |
cost 花费 | cost | cost |
cut 切 | cut | cut |
hit 打 | hit | hit |
hurt 伤害 | hurt | hurt |
2、A-B-A型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
come 来 | came | come |
become 变成 | became | become |
overcome 克服 | overcame | overcome |
run 跑 | ran | run |
3、A-A-B型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
beat 打 | beat | beaten |
4、A-B-B型:加t变成过去式和过去分词
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
burn 燃烧 | burnt, burned | burnt, burned |
deals 交易 | dealt | dealt |
dream 做梦 | dreamt, dreamed | dreamt, dreamed |
lean 依靠 | leant, leaned | leant, leaned |
leap 跳 | leapt, leaped | leapt, leaped |
learn 学习 | learnt, learned | Learnt, learned |
mean 意思是 | meant | meant |
spoil 宠坏 | spoilt, spoiled | spoilt, spoiled |
5、A-B-B型:去一个辅音字母,再加t
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
smell 闻 | smelt, smelled | smelt, smelled |
spell 拼写 | spelt, spelled | spelt, spelled |
spill 洒出 | spilt, spilled | spilt, spilled |
6、A-B-B型:以字母d结尾,把字母d改成t
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bend 弯曲 | bent | bent |
build 建造 | built | built |
lend 借 | lent | lent |
rend 撕碎 | rent | rent |
send 送 | sent | sent |
spend 花费 | spend | spend |
7、A-B-B型:将两个相同的元音变成一个元音
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bleed 流血 | bled | bled |
breed 养育 | bred | bred |
feed 喂 | fed | fed |
meet 遇见 | met | met |
shoot 射击 | shot | shot |
lead 领导 | led | led |
8、A-B-B型:改I为u
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
cling 抓紧 | clung | clung |
dig 挖掘 | dug | dug |
sling 投掷 | slung | slung |
stick 黏贴,刺 | struck | struck |
swing 摆动 | swung | swung |
wring 妞 | wrung | wrung |
9、A-B-B型:改I为ou
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bind 捆绑 | bound | bound |
find 找到 | found | found |
wind 蜿蜒 | wound | wound |
10、A-B-B型:去掉一个元音再加t
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
feel 感觉 | felt | felt |
keep 保持 | kept | kept |
kneel 跪 | knelt | knelt |
sleep 睡 | slept | slept |
sweep 扫 | swept | swept |
weep 哭泣 | wept | wept |
11、A-B-B型:词尾用augh或ough型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bring 带来 | brought | brought |
buy 买 | bought | bought |
catch 捕捉 | caught | caught |
fight 打架 | fought | fought |
seek 寻找 | sought | sought |
teach 教 | taught | taught |
think 想 | thought | thought |
12、A-B-B型:词尾去e
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bite 咬 | bit | bit |
hide 隐藏 | hid | hid |
slide 滑行 | slid | slid |
13、A-B-B型:改y为id
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
lay 放置 | laid | laid |
pay 付钱 | paid | paid |
say 说 | said | said |
14、A-B-C型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
bear 忍受 | bore | born |
wear 穿 | wore | worn |
break 打破 | broke | broken |
speak 说话 | spoke | spoken |
steal 偷 | stole | stolen |
choose 选择 | chose | chosen |
freeze 结冰 | froze | frozen |
lie 躺 | lay | lain |
15、A-B-C
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
eat 吃 | ate | eaten |
give 给 | gave | given |
see 看 | saw | seen |
shake 摇 | shook | shaken |
take 拿 | took | taken |
fly 飞 | flew | flown |
know 指导 | knew | known |
throw 扔 | threw | thrown |
助动词的变化
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
---|---|---|
shall 将 | should | - |
will 将 | would | - |
can 能 | could | - |
may 也许 | might | - |
must 必须 | - | - |
ought 必须 | - | - |
do 做 | did | done |
be 是 | was/were | been |
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