WORDS

1.表示吸引：hook/tug/nudge/lure

hook：

【Of such a progression of sentences, each tugging the reader forward until he is hooked, a writer constructs that fateful unit, the “lead.”】

If you’re hooked by something,that means you are attracted by it.

Eg.The song has a catchy hook.

They used the commercial as a hook to get people to visit their Web site.

造句：There is a newly opened shopping center and many customers were hooked by the discount coupon.

tug

【Anything will do, as long as it nudges his curiosity and tugs at his sleeve.

pull someone with a quick forceful power】

“拉拽某人的袖子”也表示被吸引

Nudge

You pull someone gently in order to draw their their attention.

好奇心被点燃，

“拉拽某人的袖子”也表示被吸引

Lure

【A slower lead, luring the reader more with curiosity than with humor,introduced a piece called “Thank God for Nuts”:】

To lure someone is to trick them into some places or something.

Eg.They did not realise that they were being lured into a trap.

    The company aims to lure smokers back to cigarettes.

    advertisers trying to lure [=attract] a younger audience to their products

2.springboard

But take special care with the last sentence of each paragraph—it’s the crucial springboard to the next paragraph.

If something is the springboard to that thing,it makes that thing possible to happen.

Eg.The 1981 budget was the springboard for an economic miracle.

    It could provide a springboard to success.

造句:The access to a good university is a springboard to success.

3.Sag/falter

The reader’s interest begins to falter;the tension you have built begins to sag.

(1).Vb.Become weaker and weaker.

The economy sagged.

(2).Vb.Become bend or weaker in the middle because of the weight.

Eg.The roof is sagging in the middle.

    Her cheeks sagged [=drooped] with age.

造句：The sofa sagged when he sat down.

(3).N.a sag in sale.

同义词

Falter

To begin to weaken,less strong,lose power.

Eg.The business was faltering due to poor management.

Their initial optimism has faltered.

signs that the economy is faltering.

4.Encapsulate

Ideally they should encapsulate the idea of the piece and conclude with a sentence that jolts us with its fitness or unexpectedness.

To encapsulate means to wind up all the important aspects,to show the main idea.

Eg. A Wall Street Journal editorial encapsulated the views of many conservatives...

造句：This book encapsulate all ideas of Einstein.

5.Wind Sth up

Why didn’t you give more thought to how you were going to wind this thing up?

(1)to conclude something

Eg.Today we'll wind that deal up with the bank.

    I have a few items of business to wind up. Then I'll be with you.

造句：At last I want to wind up things that discussed  today and we will finish the class.

可以用来替换conclude

TOUGHTS

In this chapter.Zinser introduced two very crucial parts of a good article to us,which were the lead and the ending.The lead is the most important one,which should contain the function of hooking readers.Tough there is no path answer of the length,the lead must capture the readers immediately and force them to read.What is also very important is that it must provide the hard details to tell the readers why you wrote this article and why they need to read it.After you begin with a good lead,you should continue to build the last sentence of each paragraph carefully to tug the readers to continue.He also notes that the readers always be hooked by the odd facts that they want to discover.But how to build the odd facts?Zinser suggest that writers should always collect more material than they will use and look for it everywhere,so that we can gain the unique lead.And he hates the leads that are the future archaeologist and the have-in-common one.But he thinks that telling a story is a good approach.

Besides the lead,he also told us how to stop.A good ending,he thinks,should stop where it should stop,and remains the reader a slight surprise.Zinser himself found that bringing the story full circle is a good approach as well as writing a quotation.

这章教我们如何写好开头和结尾，建议都非常适用，不管是英语写作还是母语写作。虽然例子有点难懂，但是大方向还是能掌握。