文章标题: 自由导入你的增量数据-根据条件将sqlserver表批量生成INSERT语句的存储过程增强版
关键字 : mssql-scripter,SQL Server
文章分类: 技术分享
创建时间: 2020年4月5日
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为快速灵敏开发而生
软件开发中,常常会产生数据,数据的还原备份与迁移,是一个很重要的话题。
对于小型开发,往往都是采用全库覆盖。
对于百万、千万甚至更大的数据库,这样操作就显然用时很久,而且会影响主场景使用。
这个时候,我们需要将某个表里的数据全部或者根据查询条件导出来,迁移到另一个相同结构的库中
目前SQL Server里面是没有相关的工具根据查询条件来生成INSERT语句的,默认的sqlserver manager工具只能生成完整的insert语句,只有借助第三方工具(third party tools)来实现。
事实上,我们可以写一个存储过程脚本来实现它。
创建一个智能存储过程。
这种脚本网上也有很多,但是网上的脚本还是欠缺一些规范和功能,例如:我只想导出特定查询条件的数据,网上的脚本都是导出全表数据
如果表很大,对性能会有很大影响。
完整的存储过程创建语法(适合sql server 2005以上的版本):
-- Author: <Zoomla!逐浪CMS高端门户团队>
-- Blog: <http://www.z01.com/blog>
-- Create date: <2020/04/05>
-- Description: <根据查询条件导出表数据的insert脚本>
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ZL_InsertGenerator]
(
@tableName NVARCHAR(MAX),
@whereClause NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
AS
--Then it includes a cursor to fetch column specific information (column name and the data type thereof)
--from information_schema.columns pseudo entity and loop through for building the INSERT and VALUES clauses
--of an INSERT DML statement.
DECLARE @string NVARCHAR(MAX) --for storing the first half of INSERT statement
DECLARE @stringData NVARCHAR(MAX) --for storing the data (VALUES) related statement
DECLARE @dataType NVARCHAR(MAX) --data types returned for respective columns
DECLARE @schemaName NVARCHAR(MAX) --schema name returned from sys.schemas
DECLARE @schemaNameCount int--shema count
DECLARE @QueryString NVARCHAR(MAX) -- provide for the whole query,
set @QueryString=' '
--如果有多个schema,选择其中一个schema
SELECT @schemaNameCount=COUNT(*)
FROM sys.tables t
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
WHERE t.name = @tableName
WHILE(@schemaNameCount>0)
BEGIN
--如果有多个schema,依次指定
select @schemaName = name
from
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() over(order by s.schema_id) RowID,s.name
FROM sys.tables t
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
WHERE t.name = @tableName
) as v
where RowID=@schemaNameCount
--Declare a cursor to retrieve column specific information
--for the specified table
DECLARE cursCol CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT column_name ,
data_type
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = @tableName
AND table_schema = @schemaName
OPEN cursCol
SET @string = 'INSERT INTO [' + @schemaName + '].[' + @tableName + ']('
SET @stringData = ''
DECLARE @colName NVARCHAR(500)
FETCH NEXT FROM cursCol INTO @colName, @dataType
PRINT @schemaName
PRINT @colName
IF @@fetch_status <> 0
BEGIN
PRINT 'Table ' + @tableName + ' not found, processing skipped.'
CLOSE curscol
DEALLOCATE curscol
RETURN
END
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
IF @dataType IN ( 'varchar', 'char', 'nchar', 'nvarchar' )
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData + '''''''''+
isnull(' + @colName + ','''')+'''''',''+'
END
ELSE
IF @dataType IN ( 'text', 'ntext' ) --if the datatype
--is text or something else
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData + '''''''''+
isnull(cast(' + @colName + ' as nvarchar(max)),'''')+'''''',''+'
END
ELSE
IF @dataType = 'money' --because money doesn't get converted
--from varchar implicitly
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData
+ '''convert(money,''''''+
isnull(cast(' + @colName
+ ' as nvarchar(max)),''0.0000'')+''''''),''+'
END
ELSE
IF @dataType = 'datetime'
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData
+ '''convert(datetime,''''''+
isnull(cast(' + @colName + ' as nvarchar(max)),''0'')+''''''),''+'
END
ELSE
IF @dataType = 'image'
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData + '''''''''+
isnull(cast(convert(varbinary,' + @colName + ')
as varchar(6)),''0'')+'''''',''+'
END
ELSE --presuming the data type is int,bit,numeric,decimal
BEGIN
SET @stringData = @stringData + '''''''''+
isnull(cast(' + @colName + ' as nvarchar(max)),''0'')+'''''',''+'
END
SET @string = @string + '[' + @colName + ']' + ','
FETCH NEXT FROM cursCol INTO @colName, @dataType
END
--After both of the clauses are built, the VALUES clause contains a trailing comma which needs to be replaced with a single quote. The prefixed clause will only face removal of the trailing comma.
DECLARE @Query NVARCHAR(MAX) -- provide for the whole query,
-- you may increase the size
PRINT @whereClause
IF ( @whereClause IS NOT NULL
AND @whereClause <> ''
)
BEGIN
SET @query = 'SELECT ''' + SUBSTRING(@string, 0, LEN(@string))
+ ') VALUES(''+ ' + SUBSTRING(@stringData, 0,
LEN(@stringData) - 2)
+ '''+'')''
FROM ' +@schemaName+'.'+ @tableName + ' WHERE ' + @whereClause
PRINT @query
-- EXEC sp_executesql @query --load and run the built query
--Eventually, close and de-allocate the cursor created for columns information.
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @query = 'SELECT ''' + SUBSTRING(@string, 0, LEN(@string))
+ ') VALUES(''+ ' + SUBSTRING(@stringData, 0,
LEN(@stringData) - 2)
+ '''+'')''
FROM ' + @schemaName+'.'+ @tableName
END
CLOSE cursCol
DEALLOCATE cursCol
SET @schemaNameCount=@schemaNameCount-1
IF(@schemaNameCount=0)
BEGIN
SET @QueryString=@QueryString+@query
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @QueryString=@QueryString+@query+' UNION ALL '
END
PRINT convert(varchar(max),@schemaNameCount)+'---'+@QueryString
END
EXEC sp_executesql @QueryString --load and run the built query
--Eventually, close and de-allocate the cursor created for columns information.
特征介绍
这里要声明一下,如果你有多个schema,并且每个schema下面都有同一张表,那么脚本只会生成其中一个schema下面的表insert脚本
比如我现在有三个schema,下面都有customer这个表
CREATE TABLE dbo.[customer](city int,region int)
CREATE SCHEMA test
CREATE TABLE test.[customer](city int,region int)
CREATE SCHEMA test1
CREATE TABLE test1.[customer](city int,region int)
在执行脚本的时候他只会生成dbo这个schema下面的表insert脚本
INSERT INTO [dbo].[customer]([city],[region]) VALUES('1','2')
这个脚本有一个缺陷
无论你的表的字段是什麽数据类型,导出来的时候只能是字符
表结构
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[customer](city int,region int)
导出来的insert脚本:
INSERT INTO [dbo].[customer]([city],[region]) VALUES('1','2')
使用方法
有两种使用方式
1、导全表数据
ZL_InsertGenerator 'customer', null
或:
ZL_InsertGenerator 'customer', ' '
image
2、根据查询条件导数据
ZL_InsertGenerator 'customer', 'city=3'
或者
ZL_InsertGenerator 'customer', 'city=3 and region=8'
image
点击一下,选择全部
image
然后复制
image
新建一个查询窗口,然后粘贴
image
在逐浪CMS中集成使用
其实SQLServer的技巧有很多,比如结合变量来使用,实现动态更新,如下面的脚本:
set @最近查询时间 = '2020-04-5 19:35:57.000'
set @主表最近GID=(
select top 1 GeneralID from ZL_CommonModel left join ZL_C_image on ZL_CommonModel.ItemID=ZL_C_image.id where
UpDateTime<@最近查询时间 and ModelID=52 and Status=99 order by UpDateTime desc )
set @副表最近ID=(
select top 1 ID from ZL_CommonModel left join ZL_C_image on ZL_CommonModel.ItemID=ZL_C_image.id where
UpDateTime<@最近查询时间 and ModelID=52 and Status=99 order by UpDateTime desc)
select @最近查询时间 as 最近查询时间,@主表最近GID as 主表最近GID,@副表最近ID as 副表最近ID
第二步:将下面的两个数字换为上方的两个ID,单独查询得出语法,并配合 :
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [Table] ON
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [Table] OFF
使用
ZL_InsertGenerator 'ZL_CommonModel','GeneralID>=9351'
go
ZL_InsertGenerator 'zl_c_image','id>=9352'
支持SQL2000
最后,大家可以看一下代码,非常简单,如果要支持SQLServer2000,只要改一下代码就可以了(虽然sql2000使用者不多,但可以从中学到相应处理思路)。
补充:创建一张测试表
CREATE TABLE testinsert (id INT,name VARCHAR(100),cash MONEY,dtime DATETIME)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[testinsert]
( [id], [name], [cash], [dtime] )
VALUES ( 1, -- id - int
'nihao', -- name - varchar(100)
8.8, -- cash - money
GETDATE() -- dtime - datetime
)
SELECT * FROM [dbo].[testinsert]
测试
InsertGenerator 'testinsert' ,''
InsertGenerator 'testinsert' ,'name=''nihao'''
InsertGenerator 'testinsert' ,'name=''nihao'' and cash=8.8'
datetime类型会有一些问题
生成的结果会自动帮你转换
INSERT INTO [dbo].[testinsert]([id],[name],[cash],[dtime]) VALUES('1','nihao',convert(money,'8.80'),convert(datetime,'02 8 2015 5:17PM'))
群里人分享的另一个实例
IF OBJECT_ID('spGenInsertSQL','P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROC spGenInsertSQL
GO
CREATE proc spGenInsertSQL (@tablename varchar(256),@number BIGINT,@whereClause NVARCHAR(MAX))
as
begin
declare @sql varchar(8000)
declare @sqlValues varchar(8000)
set @sql =' ('
set @sqlValues = 'values (''+'
select @sqlValues = @sqlValues + cols + ' + '','' + ' ,@sql = @sql + '[' + name + '],'
from
(select case
when xtype in (48,52,56,59,60,62,104,106,108,122,127)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else ' + 'cast('+ name + ' as varchar)'+' end'
when xtype in (58,61,40,41,42)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else '+''''''''' + ' + 'cast('+ name +' as varchar)'+ '+'''''''''+' end'
when xtype in (167)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else '+''''''''' + ' + 'replace('+ name+','''''''','''''''''''')' + '+'''''''''+' end'
when xtype in (231)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else '+'''N'''''' + ' + 'replace('+ name+','''''''','''''''''''')' + '+'''''''''+' end'
when xtype in (175)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else '+''''''''' + ' + 'cast(replace('+ name+','''''''','''''''''''') as Char(' + cast(length as varchar) + '))+'''''''''+' end'
when xtype in (239)
then 'case when '+ name +' is null then ''NULL'' else '+'''N'''''' + ' + 'cast(replace('+ name+','''''''','''''''''''') as Char(' + cast(length as varchar) + '))+'''''''''+' end'
else '''NULL'''
end as Cols,name
from syscolumns
where id = object_id(@tablename)
) T
IF (@number!=0 AND @number IS NOT NULL)
BEGIN
set @sql ='select top '+ CAST(@number AS VARCHAR(6000))+' ''INSERT INTO ['+ @tablename + ']' + left(@sql,len(@sql)-1)+') ' + left(@sqlValues,len(@sqlValues)-4) + ')'' from '+@tablename
print @sql
END
ELSE
BEGIN
set @sql ='select ''INSERT INTO ['+ @tablename + ']' + left(@sql,len(@sql)-1)+') ' + left(@sqlValues,len(@sqlValues)-4) + ')'' from '+@tablename
print @sql
END
PRINT @whereClause
IF ( @whereClause IS NOT NULL AND @whereClause <> '')
BEGIN
set @sql =@sql+' where '+@whereClause
print @sql
END
exec (@sql)
end
GO
调用示例
--非dbo默认架构需注意
--支持数据类型 :bigint,int, bit,char,datetime,date,time,decimal,money, nvarchar(50),tinyint, nvarchar(max),varchar(max),datetime2
--调用示例 如果top行或者where条件为空,只需要把参数填上null
spGenInsertSQL 'customer' --表名
, 2 --top 行数
, 'city=3 and didian=''大连'' ' --where 条件
--导出全表 where条件为空
spGenInsertSQL 'customer' --表名
, null --top 行数
,null --where 条件
INSERT INTO [Department] ([DepartmentID],[Name],[GroupName],[Company],[ModifiedDate]) values (1,N'售后部',N'销售组',N'中国你好有限公司XX分公司','05 5 2015 5:58PM')
INSERT INTO [Department] ([DepartmentID],[Name],[GroupName],[Company],[ModifiedDate]) values (2,N'售后部',N'销售组',N'中国你好有限公司XX分公司','05 5 2015 5:58PM')
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