requests的使用

1、安装

pip install requests

2、requests 设置

设置请求头

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
headers = {
        "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36",
        "cookie": "xxxxxx",
        "referer": "https://www.baidu.com",
        # 其他的请求头键值对
        ...
}
resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

设置超时时间

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"

# 超时时间设置为10s，若10秒内未响应成功，则抛出异常
resp = requests.get(url, timeout=10)

auth 认证

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
account = "admin"
password = "123456"

resp = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(account, password))

3、requests 请求

GET 请求

• 不携带参数

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"

resp = requests.get(url)

• 携带参数

对于携带参数的 URL，传入一个dict作为params参数

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"

data = {
        "query": "requests"
}
resp = requests.get(url, params=data)

POST 请求

• 表单提交

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
data = {
        "query": "requests"
}
resp = requests.post(url, data=data)

• json提交

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"
data = {
        "query": "requests"
}
resp = requests.post(url, json=data)

• 上传文件

import requests

url = "https://xxx.com/upload"
files = {"file": open("aaa.png", "rb")}

resp = requests.post(url, files=files)

4、requests 响应

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com"

resp = requests.get(url)

获取响应状态码

返回整数

resp_status_code = resp.status_code

获取响应头

返回字典

resp_headers = resp.headers

获取响应内容

# 以文本形式获取响应内容
resp_text = resp.text

# 以二进制形式获取响应内容
resp_content = resp.content

# 以字典形式获取响应内容
resp_json = resp.json()