美文网首页
Java中读取资源文件小结

Java中读取资源文件小结

作者: FX_SKY | 来源:发表于2017-07-27 15:09 被阅读609次

    无论是Servlet或者Spring、MyBatis,配置资源文件都是必不可少的一项工作,Java中主要提供了提供了2个类来读取资源文件,一个是Class类,一个是ClassLoader类。 本文对Java中读取资源文件做一个总结,希望对大家有所帮助。

    本篇中讲解以Maven为例,项目结构如下:

    1.png

    一、Java API

    java.lang.Classjava.lang.ClassLoader 都提供了
    InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name);
    java.net.URL getResource(String name)
    方法来获取资源文件。

    二、相对路径和绝对路径

    ** 相对路径 ** :path中不以'/'开头表示该路径是相对路径,相对于当前类所在的目录。
    ** 绝对路径 ** :path中以'/'开头表示该路径是绝对路径,相对于classpath的绝对路径。

    三、读取resources目录下的资源文件

    1. 读取resources目录下的config.properties文件

        String path = "/config.properties";
        InputStream in = PropertiesLoader.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
        Properties props = load(in);
        System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    

    或者使用ClassLoader:

        String path = "/config.properties";
        InputStream in = PropertiesLoader.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fileName); 
        Properties props = load(in);
        System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    

    四、读取类package下的资源文件

    我们现在想要读取 com.mindflow.demo.cfg包下的app.properties文件,代码如下:

            String path = "cfg/app.properties";
        InputStream in = PropertiesLoader.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
        Properties props = load(in);
        System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    

    也可以使用绝对路径:

            String path = "/com/mindflow/demo/cfg/app.properties";
        InputStream in = PropertiesLoader.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
        Properties props = load(in);
        System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    

    五、注意事项

    因为Maven默认不会将src路径下的资源文件打包到classpath路径下,所以需要在pom.xml下增加如下配置:

      <build>
        <resources>
          <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
              <include>**/*.properties</include>
            </includes>
          </resource>
        </resources>
      </build>
    

    完整配置如下:

      <build>
        <resources>
          <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
              <include>**/*.properties</include>
            </includes>
          </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
            <configuration>
              <source>${java.version}</source>
              <target>${java.version}</target>
              <testSource>${java.version}</testSource>
              <testTarget>${java.version}</testTarget>
              <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
          <!--source code-->
          <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    

    PropertiesLoader.java 源码:

    package com.mindflow.demo;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    /**
     * ${DESCRIPTION}
     *
     * @author Ricky Fung
     */
    public abstract class PropertiesLoader {
    
        public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException {
    
            //1.读取resources目录下文件
            String path = "/config.properties";
            Properties props = PropertiesLoader.readFile(path);
            System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    
            //2. 读取resources/data
            path = "/data/db.properties";
            props = PropertiesLoader.readFile(path);
            System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    
            System.out.println("=====================================");
    
            //3.读取类路径下(src) 资源文件
            path = "cfg/app.properties";
            props = PropertiesLoader.readFile(path);
            System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    
            //4.使用绝对路径读取资源文件
            path = "/com/mindflow/demo/cfg/app.properties";
            props = PropertiesLoader.readFile(path);
            System.out.println("path: "+ path + ", props: " + props);
    
        }
    
        public static Properties readFile(String path) throws IOException {
            InputStream in = PropertiesLoader.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
            Properties props = load(in);
            return props;
        }
    
        public static Properties load(InputStream in) throws IOException {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(in);
            return props;
        }
    }
    
    

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:Java中读取资源文件小结

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/mgezkxtx.html