TypeScript 类

类常用的语法：

1. extends与super
2. private、public、protected、readonly
3. get、set
4. 抽象类

1.extends与super

class Animal {
    name: string;
    constructor(theName: string) { this.name = theName; }
    move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) {
        console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
    }
}
class Snake extends Animal {
    constructor(name: string) { super(name); }
    move(distanceInMeters = 5) {
        console.log("Slithering...");
        super.move(distanceInMeters);
    }
}
let sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");

2. private、public、protected、readonly

class Animal {
    public name: string; // 都可以访问
    private age: number;// 类的内部可以访问
    protected color: string; // protected的属性，可以在派生类中访问
    readonly other: string; //只读属性
}

1. 类的属性默认是public。
2. private属性不能被声明的类访问。
3. protected不能类外访问该属性，但可以通过实例方法访问到该属性。

3. get set(通过get、set函数声明该属性)

let passcode = "secret passcode";
class Employee {
    private _fullName: string;
    get fullName(): string {
        return this._fullName;
    }
    set fullName(newName: string) {
        if (passcode && passcode == "secret passcode") {
            this._fullName = newName;
        }
        else {
            console.log("Error: Unauthorized update of employee!");
        }
    }
}
let employee = new Employee();
employee.fullName = "Bob Smith";
if (employee.fullName) {
    alert(employee.fullName);
}

4. 抽象类

abstract class Department {
    constructor(public name: string) {
    }
    printName(): void {
        console.log('Department name: ' + this.name);
    }
    abstract printMeeting(): void; // 必须在派生类中实现
}

class AccountingDepartment extends Department {
    constructor() {
        super('Accounting and Auditing'); // 在派生类的构造函数中必须调用 super()
    }
    printMeeting(): void {
        console.log('The Accounting Department meets each Monday at 10am.');
    }
    generateReports(): void {
        console.log('Generating accounting reports...');
    }
}

let department: Department; // 允许创建一个对抽象类型的引用
department = new Department(); // 错误: 不能创建一个抽象类的实例
department = new AccountingDepartment(); // 允许对一个抽象子类进行实例化和赋值
department.printName();
department.printMeeting();
department.generateReports(); // 错误: 方法在声明的抽象类中不存在