你对于正在运行的mysql 性能如何？参数设置的是否合理？账号设置的是否存在安全隐患？是否了然于胸？
俗话说工欲善其事，必先利其器，定期对你的MYSQL数据库进行一个体检，是保证数据库安全运行的重要手段。
今天和大家分享几个mysql 优化的工具，你可以使用它们对你的mysql进行一个体检，生成awr报告，让你从整体上把握你的数据库的性能情况。
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1、mysqltuner.pl
这是mysql一个常用的数据库性能诊断工具，主要检查参数设置的合理性包括日志文件、存储引擎、安全建议及性能分析。针对潜在的问题，给出改进的建议，是mysql优化的好帮手。
在上一版本中，MySQLTuner支持MySQL / MariaDB / Percona Server的约300个指标。
项目地址：https://github.com/major/MySQLTuner-perl
1.1 下载
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
[root@localhost ~]#wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/major/MySQLTuner-perl/master/mysqltuner.pl
</pre>
1.2 使用
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
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[root@localhost ~]# ./mysqltuner.pl --socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -
>> MySQLTuner 1.7.4 - Major Hayden <major@mhtx.net> -
>> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ -
>> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -
[--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script -
Please enter your MySQL administrative login: root -
Please enter your MySQL administrative password: [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.7.23 -
[OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture
</pre>
1.3、报告分析
1）重要关注[!!]（中括号有叹号的项）例如[!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 4.8G (244.13% of installed RAM)，表示内存已经严重用超了。
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2）关注最后给的建议“Recommendations ”。
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2、tuning-primer.sh
这是mysql的另一个优化工具，针于mysql的整体进行一个体检，对潜在的问题，给出优化的建议。
项目地址：https://github.com/BMDan/tuning-primer.sh
目前，支持检测和优化建议的内容如下：
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2.1 下载
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
[root@localhost ~]#wget https://launchpad.net/mysql-tuning-primer/trunk/1.6-r1/+download/tuning-primer.sh
</pre>
2.2 使用
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
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[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost dba]# ./tuning-primer.sh -
-- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER -- -
- By: Matthew Montgomery -
</pre>
2.3 报告分析
重点查看有红色告警的选项，根据建议结合自己系统的实际情况进行修改，例如：
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3、pt-variable-advisor
pt-variable-advisor 可以分析MySQL变量并就可能出现的问题提出建议。
3.1 安装
https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/LATEST/
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
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[root@localhost ~]#wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.13/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.0.13-re85ce15-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar -
[root@localhost ~]#yum install percona-toolkit-3.0.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
</pre>
3.2 使用
pt-variable-advisor是pt工具集的一个子工具，主要用来诊断你的参数设置是否合理。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
[root@localhost ~]# pt-variable-advisor localhost --socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
</pre>
3.3 报告分析
重点关注有WARN的信息的条目，例如：
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4、pt-qurey-digest
pt-query-digest 主要功能是从日志、进程列表和tcpdump分析MySQL查询。
4.1安装
具体参考3.1节
4.2使用
pt-query-digest主要用来分析mysql的慢日志，与mysqldumpshow工具相比，py-query_digest 工具的分析结果更具体，更完善。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
[root@localhost ~]# pt-query-digest /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log
</pre>
4.3 常见用法分析
1）直接分析慢查询文件:
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log > slow_report.log
</pre>
2）分析最近12小时内的查询：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest --since=12h /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log > slow_report2.log
</pre>
3）分析指定时间范围内的查询：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log --since '2017-01-07 09:30:00' --until '2017-01-07 10:00:00'> > slow_report3.log
</pre>
4）分析指含有select语句的慢查询
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest --filter '$event->{fingerprint} =~ m/^select/i' /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log> slow_report4.log
</pre>
5）针对某个用户的慢查询
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest --filter '($event->{user} || "") =~ m/^root/i' /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log> slow_report5.log
</pre>
6）查询所有所有的全表扫描或full join的慢查询
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 6px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(45, 45, 45); border-radius: 0px; overflow-y: auto; color: rgb(80, 97, 109); text-align: start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: consolas, menlo, courier, monospace, "Microsoft Yahei" !important; border-width: 1px !important; border-style: solid !important; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226) !important;">
pt-query-digest --filter '(($event->{Full_scan} || "") eq "yes") ||(($event->{Full_join} || "") eq "yes")' /var/lib/mysql/slowtest-slow.log> slow_report6.log
</pre>
4.4 报告分析
- 第一部分：总体统计结果 Overall：总共有多少条查询 Time range：查询执行的时间范围 unique：唯一查询数量，即对查询条件进行参数化以后，总共有多少个不同的查询 total：总计 min：最小 max：最大 avg：平均 95%：把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于95%的那个数，这个数一般最具有参考价值 median：中位数，把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于中间那个数
- 第二部分：查询分组统计结果 Rank：所有语句的排名，默认按查询时间降序排列，通过--order-by指定 Query ID：语句的ID，（去掉多余空格和文本字符，计算hash值） Response：总的响应时间 time：该查询在本次分析中总的时间占比 calls：执行次数，即本次分析总共有多少条这种类型的查询语句 R/Call：平均每次执行的响应时间 V/M：响应时间Variance-to-mean的比率 Item：查询对象
- 第三部分：每一种查询的详细统计结果 ID：查询的ID号，和上图的Query ID对应 Databases：数据库名 Users：各个用户执行的次数（占比） Query_time distribution ：查询时间分布, 长短体现区间占比。Tables：查询中涉及到的表 Explain：SQL语句。
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