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java线程状态-阻塞的理解

java线程状态-阻塞的理解

作者: indexImprov | 来源:发表于2017-04-08 15:47 被阅读1203次

    很多人对于线程的状态不是太了解,本次我想把我理解的有关线程的相关知识和大家分享一下,上面的图片是我从网上找到的,这张图片对于线程的知识了解有很大的帮助。
    线程的状态:

    1. 新建状态(new):新创建了一个线程对象,该对象继承了Therad类或实现了Runnable接口,但是此时该对象没有调用start()方法。是一个初始状态。
    2. 就绪状态(Runnable):线程对象创建后,其他线程调用了该对象的start()方法。该状态的线程位于可运行的线程池中,可以运行,等待获取CPU的时间片。
    3. 运行状态(Running):此时线程获取了CPU,执行代码。
    4. 阻塞状态(Blocked):阻塞状态是线程因为某种原因放弃CPU的使用权,暂时停止运行。知道线程进入就绪状态(Runnable),此时才有机会转入到运行状态。阻塞状态分为以下几种:
      4.1. 等待阻塞(watiting):运行的线程执行wait()方法,JVM会把该线程放入等待池中。
      4.2. 超时等待阻塞(time-waiting):运行时的线程会执行带有超时时间的wait()方法,JVM会把该线程放入等待池中。当超时后,线程重新转入就绪状态。
      4.3. 同步阻塞(synchronized):运行时的线程获取对象的同步锁时,若该同步锁被别的线程占用,则JVM会把该线程放入锁池中。
      4.4. 其他阻塞:运行的线程执行sleep或者join方法,或者执行I/O请求时,JVM会把该线程置为阻塞状态,当sleep状态超时,join等待线程终止或者超时是,线程重新转入就绪状态。
    5. 死亡状态:线程执行完毕,该线程结束生命周期。

    以下是阻塞状态的实例,通过实例,并且配合jdk自带的jvisualvm,我们可以看到线程的状态。

    package com.unionfin.thread;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    public class JavaThreadState
    {
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
    
            Thread waittingBlocked = new Thread(new WaitingBlocked(),
                    "waittingBlocked");
    
            Thread timeWaittingBlocked = new Thread(new TimeWaitBlocked(),
                    "timeWaittingBlocked");
    
            // synchronizedBlocked1,synchronizedBlocked2抢同一把锁,只有一个可以抢到
            Thread synchronizedBlocked1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedBlocked(),
                    "synchronizedBlocked1");
    
            Thread synchronizedBlocked2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedBlocked(),
                    "synchronizedBlocked2");
            // sleepBlocked线程睡了100秒,在这一百秒中,其处于阻塞状态
            Thread sleepBlocked = new Thread(new sleepBlocked(), "sleepBlocked");
    
            // 获取主线程
            Thread mainTherad = Thread.currentThread();
            // 主线程调用join方法,只有joinBlocked线程死亡之后,主线程才会从阻塞中返回
            Thread joinBlocked = new Thread(new JoinBlocked(mainTherad),
                    "joinBlocked");
    
            waittingBlocked.start();
    
            timeWaittingBlocked.start();
    
            synchronizedBlocked1.start();
    
            synchronizedBlocked2.start();
    
            sleepBlocked.start();
    
            joinBlocked.start();
    
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 等待阻塞,一直处于等待状态,知道有其他线程将其唤醒
     * 
     * @author xiaotao
     * 
     */
    class WaitingBlocked implements Runnable
    {
    
        public void run()
        {
            synchronized (WaitingBlocked.class)
            {
                try
                {
                    //调用wait()方法时线程会放弃对象锁
                    WaitingBlocked.class.wait();
                }
                catch (InterruptedException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 在五十秒内处于等待状态,过了五十秒之后会被唤醒,进入runnable状态
     * 
     * @author xiaotao
     * 
     */
    class TimeWaitBlocked implements Runnable
    {
    
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                synchronized (TimeWaitBlocked.class)
                {
                    TimeWaitBlocked.class.wait(50000);
                    System.out
                            .println("l have wait about 50 s,so i don't want to wait");
                }
    
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 该实例是一个抢锁的阻塞实例,两个线程争抢一个锁,只有一个线程抢到锁,另外一个线程抢不到锁,处于阻塞状态
     * 
     * @author xiaotao
     * 
     */
    class SynchronizedBlocked implements Runnable
    {
    
        public void run()
        {
            synchronized (SynchronizedBlocked.class)
            {
                while (true)
                {
    
                }
            }
        }
    
    }
    
    /**
     * 处于sleep阻塞状态,睡了100秒之后处于runnable状态,之后争抢cpu。
     * 
     * @author xiaotao
     * 
     */
    class sleepBlocked implements Runnable
    {
    
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(100);
                    System.out.println("l have sleep 100 s");
                }
    
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    class JoinBlocked implements Runnable
    {
        private Thread thread;
    
    
        public JoinBlocked(Thread thread)
        {
            this.thread = thread;
        }
    
    
        public void run()
        {
            try
            {
                thread.join();
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            while (true)
            {
    
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    
    "joinBlocked" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a2f000 nid=0x2604 runnable [0x00000000077ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at com.unionfin.thread.JoinBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:170)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    
    "sleepBlocked" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a33000 nid=0x65c waiting on condition [0x00000000076ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
        at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
        at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:302)
        at java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.sleep(TimeUnit.java:328)
        at com.unionfin.thread.sleepBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:137)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    
    "synchronizedBlocked2" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a35000 nid=0x2198 runnable [0x00000000075ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at com.unionfin.thread.SynchronizedBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:113)
        - locked <0x000000077caf7278> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.SynchronizedBlocked)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    
    "synchronizedBlocked1" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a24000 nid=0x251c waiting for monitor entry [0x00000000074ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.unionfin.thread.SynchronizedBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:113)
        - waiting to lock <0x000000077caf7278> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.SynchronizedBlocked)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    
    "timeWaittingBlocked" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a23000 nid=0x144c in Object.wait() [0x00000000073ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000077caf6af8> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.TimeWaitBlocked)
        at com.unionfin.thread.TimeWaitBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:87)
        - locked <0x000000077caf6af8> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.TimeWaitBlocked)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    
    "waittingBlocked" prio=6 tid=0x0000000006a21000 nid=0x1ba4 in Object.wait() [0x00000000072ef000]
       java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x000000077caf5960> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.WaitingBlocked)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:485)
        at com.unionfin.thread.WaitingBlocked.run(JavaThreadState.java:61)
        - locked <0x000000077caf5960> (a java.lang.Class for com.unionfin.thread.WaitingBlocked)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    
       Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
    

    以上是dump线程信息,我们可以看到各个线程目前所处状态。其中有一个线程比较有意思,就是joinBlocked线程,在该线程中, 我传入一个A线程,A线程调用join()方法,此时只有joinBlocked线程死亡之后,A线程才会进入runnable阶段。

    以上就是线程状态的几个例子,希望对大家有所帮助。

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