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CentOS安装nginx

CentOS安装nginx

作者: 修行的修行 | 来源:发表于2021-11-15 20:16 被阅读0次

    一、安装插件

    1、安装gcc

    首先查看是否已经安装过gcc了

    gcc -v

    如果已经安装过了，则会有如下类似输出

    [root@localhost ~]$ gcc -v 
Using built-in specs. 
COLLECT_GCC=gcc 
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper 
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux 
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux 
Thread model: posix 
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)

    如果没有，则用如下命令安装

    yum -y install gcc

    2、pcre、pcre-devel安装

    pcre是一个perl库，包括perl兼容的正则表达式库，nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要安装pcre库。

    yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

    3、zlib安装

    zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩方式，nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要安装

    yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

    4、安装openssl

    安装了openssl，才能使用https

    yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

    二、安装Nginx

    1、下载Nginx安装包

    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz

    下载完之后解压

    tar -xf nginx-1.14.1.tar.gz

    2、安装Nginx

    解压之后，执行以下命令

    cd nginx-1.14.1

./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make

make install

    有以下输出，说明安装成功

    [root@localhost nginx-1.14.1]$ make install 
make -f objs/Makefile install 
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/django/download/nginx-1.14.1' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx' 
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/usr/local/nginx’: Permission denied 
make[1]: *** [install] Error 1 
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/django/download/nginx-1.14.1' 
make: *** [install] Error 2 
[django@localhost nginx-1.14.1]$ sudo make install 
[sudo] password for django:  
make -f objs/Makefile install 
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/django/download/nginx-1.14.1' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' \ 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' 
test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' \ 
        || mv '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' \ 
                '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old' 
cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/conf' \ 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types' \ 
        || cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types.default' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params' \ 
        || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/fastcgi_params \ 
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf' \ 
        || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params' \ 
        || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/uwsgi_params \ 
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params' \ 
        || cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
cp conf/scgi_params \ 
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default' 
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' \ 
        || cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' 
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \ 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \ 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \ 
        || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx' 
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \ 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' 
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/django/download/nginx-1.14.1'

    3、配置Nginx

    首先切换到/usr/local/nginx

    [root@localhost nginx]$ pwd 
/usr/local/nginx 
[root@localhost nginx]$ ll 
total 0 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 May 12 17:18 conf 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  40 May 12 17:18 html 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 May 12 17:18 logs 
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  19 May 12 17:18 sbin 
[django@localhost nginx]$

    加载到conf下

    [root@localhost nginx]$ cd conf/ 
[root@localhost conf]$ ll 
total 68 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 May 12 17:18 fastcgi.conf 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 May 12 17:18 fastcgi.conf.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 May 12 17:18 fastcgi_params 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 May 12 17:18 fastcgi_params.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 May 12 17:18 koi-utf 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 May 12 17:18 koi-win 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5170 May 12 17:18 mime.types 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5170 May 12 17:18 mime.types.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 May 12 17:18 nginx.conf 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 May 12 17:18 nginx.conf.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 May 12 17:18 scgi_params 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 May 12 17:18 scgi_params.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 May 12 17:18 uwsgi_params 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 May 12 17:18 uwsgi_params.default 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 May 12 17:18 win-utf

    配置nginx的配置文件nginx.conf

    image

    首先修改用户，其次修改默认的服务端口，或者删除默认服务

    image

    在http{}的最后添加include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf; 这个的意思是会从include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d中读取所有.conf的配置文件

    完整配置文件如下:

    user  root; 
worker_processes  1; 

#error_log  logs/error.log; 
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice; 
#error_log  logs/error.log  info; 

#pid        logs/nginx.pid; 

events { 
    worker_connections  1024; 
} 

http { 
    include       mime.types; 
    default_type  application/octet-stream; 

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; 

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main; 

    sendfile        on; 
    #tcp_nopush     on; 

    #keepalive_timeout  0; 
    keepalive_timeout  65; 

    #gzip  on; 
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf; 
}

    4、启动Nginx

    切换目录到/usr/local/nginx/sbin下面，用下面这条命令启动nginx

    ./nginx

    5、查看Nginx是否启动成功

    [root@localhost sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx 
root     25241     1  0 17:50 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx 
root     25242 25241  0 17:50 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process 
root     25244 25209  0 17:50 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

    6、编写自己的配置

    切换目录到/usr/local/nginx/conf下，新建conf.d并加载到conf.d下面

    [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf 
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir conf.d 
[root@localhost conf]# cd conf.d/ 
[root@localhost conf.d]#

    在conf.d中编写.conf文件，即我们自己的配置

    server { 
    listen 8080; 
    server_name 172.18.3.171; 
    charset utf-8; 

    location / { 
        root /home/project/ruicheng_project/dist; 
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html last; 
        index index.html; 
    } 

    location /api/ { 
        proxy_set_header Host $host; 
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 

        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000/; 
    } 
}

    编写完后，重启nginx即可

    三、将Nginx添加到service

    按照以上步骤安装nginx完毕之后，每次启动nginx都得加载到/usr/local/nginx/sbin中启动./nginx，这样非常麻烦，可以进行以下步骤将nginx添加到service中，就可以用service nginx start来启动nginx

    1、在/etc/init.d/路径下添加脚本文件，名称为nginx

    image

    2、将如下代码写进nginx脚本文件

    #!/bin/bash 
#Startup script for the nginx Web Server 
#chkconfig: 2345 85 15 
nginx=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
conf=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
case $1 in 
start) 
echo -n "Starting Nginx" 
$nginx -c $conf 
echo " done." 
;; 
stop) 
echo -n "Stopping Nginx" 
killall -9 nginx 
echo " done." 
;; 
test) 
$nginx -t -c $conf 
echo "Success." 
;; 
reload) 
echo -n "Reloading Nginx" 
ps auxww | grep nginx | grep master | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -HUP 
echo " done." 
;; 
restart) 
$nginx -s reload 
echo "reload done." 
;; 
*) 
echo "Usage: $0 {start|restart|reload|stop|test|show}" 
;; 
esac

    3、为nginx添加文件可执行权限 

    [root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x nginx

    4、service启动nginx

    # 启动
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start 
Starting Nginx done.
# 重启
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx restart 
reload done.

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