OC底层原理20-GCD底层分析

iOS--OC底层原理文章汇总

前一文章介绍了GCD的概念、使用，以及函数与队列搭配情况，本文将就GCD底层进行分析。

队列创建

准备libdispatch工程。（进入Apple的工程下载找到libdispatch）

分析队列创建就不得不在底层源码中分析dispatch_queue_create，我们查询源码工程找到了以下定义：

dispatch_queue_t
dispatch_queue_create(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t attr)
{
        /**
         label: 是队列标签，比如自定义的 com.myQueue,系统的 com.apple.main-thread
        */
    return _dispatch_lane_create_with_target(label, attr,
            DISPATCH_TARGET_QUEUE_DEFAULT, true);
}

DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static dispatch_queue_t
_dispatch_lane_create_with_target(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t dqa,
        dispatch_queue_t tq, bool legacy)
{
    // 创建 dqai
    dispatch_queue_attr_info_t dqai = _dispatch_queue_attr_to_info(dqa);

    //
    // Step 1: Normalize arguments (qos, overcommit, tq)
    //  规范化参数： qos，overcommit，tq

    dispatch_qos_t qos = dqai.dqai_qos;
#if !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INTERACTIVE) {
        dqai.dqai_qos = qos = DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INITIATED;
    }
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_MAINTENANCE) {
        dqai.dqai_qos = qos = DISPATCH_QOS_BACKGROUND;
    }
#endif // !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS

    _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_t overcommit = dqai.dqai_overcommit;
    if (overcommit != _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified && tq) {
        if (tq->do_targetq) {
            DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(tq, "Cannot specify both overcommit and "
                    "a non-global target queue");
        }
    }
    //.........
        
    //
    // Step 2: Initialize the queue 初始化queue
    //
    const void *vtable;
    dispatch_queue_flags_t dqf = legacy ? DQF_MUTABLE : 0;
    if (dqai.dqai_concurrent) {
        vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_concurrent);
    } else {
        vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_serial);
    }
    switch (dqai.dqai_autorelease_frequency) {
    case DISPATCH_AUTORELEASE_FREQUENCY_NEVER:
        dqf |= DQF_AUTORELEASE_NEVER;
        break;
    case DISPATCH_AUTORELEASE_FREQUENCY_WORK_ITEM:
        dqf |= DQF_AUTORELEASE_ALWAYS;
        break;
    }
    if (label) {
        const char *tmp = _dispatch_strdup_if_mutable(label);
        if (tmp != label) {
            dqf |= DQF_LABEL_NEEDS_FREE;
            label = tmp;
        }
    }
    // 创建队列
    dispatch_lane_t dq = _dispatch_object_alloc(vtable,
            sizeof(struct dispatch_lane_s));
    // 初始化队列；根据dqai.dqai_concurrent的值，决定队列 是 串行 还是并发
    _dispatch_queue_init(dq, dqf, dqai.dqai_concurrent ?
            DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_MAX : 1, DISPATCH_QUEUE_ROLE_INNER |
            (dqai.dqai_inactive ? DISPATCH_QUEUE_INACTIVE : 0));
         //.........
        // 设置队列标识符
    dq->dq_label = label;
    dq->dq_priority = _dispatch_priority_make((dispatch_qos_t)dqai.dqai_qos,
            dqai.dqai_relpri);
    if (overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled) {
        dq->dq_priority |= DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT;
    }
    if (!dqai.dqai_inactive) {
        _dispatch_queue_priority_inherit_from_target(dq, tq);
        _dispatch_lane_inherit_wlh_from_target(dq, tq);
    }
    _dispatch_retain(tq);
    dq->do_targetq = tq;
    _dispatch_object_debug(dq, "%s", __func__);
    //   dp作为研究对象
    return _dispatch_trace_queue_create(dq)._dq;
}

_dispatch_trace_queue_create -> _dispatch_introspection_queue_create(dqu);
_dispatch_introspection_queue_create对上一层创建之后的dq经过两层包装、处理再返回了dq。

_dispatch_introspection_queue_create(dispatch_queue_t dq)
{
    dispatch_queue_introspection_context_t dqic;
    size_t sz = sizeof(struct dispatch_queue_introspection_context_s);

    if (!_dispatch_introspection.debug_queue_inversions) {
        sz = offsetof(struct dispatch_queue_introspection_context_s,
                __dqic_no_queue_inversion);
    }
    dqic = _dispatch_calloc(1, sz);
    dqic->dqic_queue._dq = dq;
    if (_dispatch_introspection.debug_queue_inversions) {
        LIST_INIT(&dqic->dqic_order_top_head);
        LIST_INIT(&dqic->dqic_order_bottom_head);
    }
    dq->do_finalizer = dqic;

    _dispatch_unfair_lock_lock(&_dispatch_introspection.queues_lock);
    LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&_dispatch_introspection.queues, dqic, dqic_list);
    _dispatch_unfair_lock_unlock(&_dispatch_introspection.queues_lock);

    DISPATCH_INTROSPECTION_INTERPOSABLE_HOOK_CALLOUT(queue_create, dq);
    if (DISPATCH_INTROSPECTION_HOOK_ENABLED(queue_create)) {
        _dispatch_introspection_queue_create_hook(dq);
    }
    return upcast(dq)._dqu;
}

需要研究_dispatch_lane_create_with_target中做了哪些操作，都是围绕dq展开。

• 1、_dispatch_queue_attr_to_info创建类型对象，用来存储队列的相关信息。

• 2、设置队列的关联属性qos等

• 3、初始化队列；通过DISPATCH_VTABLE拼接队列名称

#define DISPATCH_VTABLE(name) DISPATCH_OBJC_CLASS(name)
#define DISPATCH_OBJC_CLASS(name)   (&DISPATCH_CLASS_SYMBOL(name))
#define DISPATCH_CLASS_SYMBOL(name) OS_dispatch_##name##_class
#define DISPATCH_CLASS(name) OS_dispatch_##name

判断dqai.dqai_concurrent决定是串行队列还是并发队列。

并发队列：OS_dispatch_queue_serial
并发队列：OS_dispatch_queue_concurrent

• 4、_dispatch_object_alloc创建队列

void *
_dispatch_object_alloc(const void *vtable, size_t size)
{
#if OS_OBJECT_HAVE_OBJC1
    const struct dispatch_object_vtable_s *_vtable = vtable;
    dispatch_object_t dou;
    dou._os_obj = _os_object_alloc_realized(_vtable->_os_obj_objc_isa, size);
    dou._do->do_vtable = vtable;
    return dou._do;
#else
    return _os_object_alloc_realized(vtable, size);
#endif
}
👇
inline _os_object_t
_os_object_alloc_realized(const void *cls, size_t size)
{
    _os_object_t obj;
    dispatch_assert(size >= sizeof(struct _os_object_s));
    while (unlikely(!(obj = calloc(1u, size)))) {
        _dispatch_temporary_resource_shortage();
    }
    obj->os_obj_isa = cls;  // 更改isa指向
    return obj;
}

创建队列过程中，有更改isa指向操作，说明队列是对象。

• 5、_dispatch_queue_init初始化dq,设置一些属性

// Note to later developers: ensure that any initialization changes are
// made for statically allocated queues (i.e. _dispatch_main_q).
static inline dispatch_queue_class_t
_dispatch_queue_init(dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, dispatch_queue_flags_t dqf,
        uint16_t width, uint64_t initial_state_bits)
{
    uint64_t dq_state = DISPATCH_QUEUE_STATE_INIT_VALUE(width);
    dispatch_queue_t dq = dqu._dq;

    dispatch_assert((initial_state_bits & ~(DISPATCH_QUEUE_ROLE_MASK |
            DISPATCH_QUEUE_INACTIVE)) == 0);

    if (initial_state_bits & DISPATCH_QUEUE_INACTIVE) {
        dq->do_ref_cnt += 2; // rdar://8181908 see _dispatch_lane_resume
        if (dx_metatype(dq) == _DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE) {
            dq->do_ref_cnt++; // released when DSF_DELETED is set
        }
    }

    dq_state |= initial_state_bits;
    dq->do_next = DISPATCH_OBJECT_LISTLESS;
    dqf |= DQF_WIDTH(width);
    os_atomic_store2o(dq, dq_atomic_flags, dqf, relaxed);
    dq->dq_state = dq_state;
    dq->dq_serialnum =
            os_atomic_inc_orig(&_dispatch_queue_serial_numbers, relaxed);
    return dqu;
}

初始化完成之后设置dq_label、dq_priority

• 6、_dispatch_trace_queue_create -> _dispatch_introspection_queue_create -> return upcast(dq)._dqu; ,通过对队列进行操作并将处理完的dq返回。

全局队列

dispatch_queue_global_t
dispatch_get_global_queue(long priority, unsigned long flags)
{
    dispatch_assert(countof(_dispatch_root_queues) ==
            DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT);

    if (flags & ~(unsigned long)DISPATCH_QUEUE_OVERCOMMIT) {
        return DISPATCH_BAD_INPUT;
    }
    dispatch_qos_t qos = _dispatch_qos_from_queue_priority(priority);
#if !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS
    if (qos == QOS_CLASS_MAINTENANCE) {
        qos = DISPATCH_QOS_BACKGROUND;
    } else if (qos == QOS_CLASS_USER_INTERACTIVE) {
        qos = DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INITIATED;
    }
#endif
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_UNSPECIFIED) {
        return DISPATCH_BAD_INPUT;
    }
    return _dispatch_get_root_queue(qos, flags & DISPATCH_QUEUE_OVERCOMMIT);
}

// ----------------------

DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE DISPATCH_CONST
static inline dispatch_queue_global_t
_dispatch_get_root_queue(dispatch_qos_t qos, bool overcommit)
{
    if (unlikely(qos < DISPATCH_QOS_MIN || qos > DISPATCH_QOS_MAX)) {
        DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(qos, "Corrupted priority");
    }
    return &_dispatch_root_queues[2 * (qos - 1) + overcommit];
}

从底层获取获取合适的队列，这可以佐证它的并发性。
通过dispatch_queue_global_s这个结构体获取全局各种属性的global_quue.

获取底层全局队列

主队列

/*!
 * @function dispatch_get_main_queue
 *
 * @abstract
 * Returns the default queue that is bound to the main thread.
 *
 * @discussion
 * In order to invoke blocks submitted to the main queue, the application must
 * call dispatch_main(), NSApplicationMain(), or use a CFRunLoop on the main
 * thread.
 *
 * The main queue is meant to be used in application context to interact with  the main thread and the main runloop.
 *
 * Because the main queue doesn't behave entirely like a regular serial queue,
 * it may have unwanted side-effects when used in processes that are not UI apps
 * (daemons). For such processes, the main queue should be avoided.
 *
 * @see dispatch_queue_main_t
 *
 * @result
 * Returns the main queue. This queue is created automatically on behalf of the main thread before main() is called.
 */
DISPATCH_INLINE DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE DISPATCH_CONST DISPATCH_NOTHROW
dispatch_queue_main_t
dispatch_get_main_queue(void)
{
    return DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT(dispatch_queue_main_t, _dispatch_main_q);
}

可以得到几点信息：
1.它是绑定到主线程的默认队列；
2.主队列用于在应用程序上下文中与主线程和主运行循环进行交互
3.主队列不想常规的串行队列，在非UI应用程序使用，反而会发生不好的作用，应该避免
4.它是自动创建的队列，且发生在main()调用之前。

通过查找dispatch_queue_main_t，我们找到了它的定义，它是绑定到主线程的默认队列的类型。也指出了主队列是一个串行队列。主队列是一个众所周知的全局对象，该对象自动在在进程初始化期间代表主线程，并由返回dispatch_get_main_queue（），并且无法修改该对象。

dispatch_queue_main_t定义