经典SQL50题

        二刷经典SQL面试50题，当当，决定将解法重新梳理一遍。从一刷的磕磕绊绊，自己就是常见错误解法，到二刷思维很顺畅，90%可以独立解出正确答案，可见那句老话“熟能生巧”！其实SQL语言的逻辑是比较简单的，基本的增删改查可以应对工作中80%的内容，反而构建解决问题的思路，基于业务场景理解各表之间的关系才是重中之重~~~

一、建表并插入数据

经典50题的场景比较简单，有四张表：学生表、学科表、老师表和成绩表。

-- 建立学生表

CREATE TABLE `Student`(

`s_id` VARCHAR(20),

`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`));

-- 建立课程表

CREATE TABLE `Course`(

`c_id` VARCHAR(20),

`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`));

-- 建立教师表

CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(

`t_id` VARCHAR(20),

`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`));

-- 建立成绩表

CREATE TABLE `Score`(

`s_id` VARCHAR(20),

`c_id` VARCHAR(20),

`s_score` INT(3),

PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`));

-- 插入学生表测试数据

insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');

insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');

insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');

insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');

insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

-- 课程表测试数据

insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');

insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');

insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

-- 教师表测试数据

insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');

insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');

insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

-- 成绩表测试数据

insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);

insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);

insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);

insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);

insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);

insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);

insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);

insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);

insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);

insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);

insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);

insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);

insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);

insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);

insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

select * from Student;

select * from Score;

select * from Teacher;

select * from Course;

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二、题目实战

TIPS：重要的是思路，可以先在脑海中或者Excel中模拟自己想要的表格是什么效果，再一步一步sql实现！！！

-- 1.查询课程编号为“01”的课程比“02”的课程成绩高的所有学生的学号（重点）

select a.s_id as s_no,s_name, a.s_score as '01',b.s_score as '02' from

(select * from Score where c_id ='01') a

join

(select * from Score where c_id ='02') b on a.s_id=b.s_id

join Student c on a.s_id=c.s_id

where a.s_score>b.s_score;

-- 2.查询平均成绩大于60分的学生的学号和平均成绩（简单，重点）

TIPS：用group by 分组聚合后，查询的字段不要包含分组与聚合运算之外的字段，是没意义的。

select s_id,round(avg(s_score),2) as '平均成绩'

from Score 

group by s_id

having 平均成绩 >60

ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;

-- 3.查询所有学生的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

TIPS：还是group by 中select之后的字段问题，严格来说：既不是统计值，也不是group  by之后的分组条件，是不能出现在select之后的。

select a.s_id as '学号',s_name,count(c_id) as '选课数',

case

when sum(s_score)  is null then 0

else sum(s_score) 

end as '总成绩'

from Student a

left join Score b on a.s_id=b.s_id

group by a.s_id,a.s_name;

-- 4.查询姓“张”的老师的个数

select t_name,count(*) from Teacher group by t_name having t_name like '张%';

-- 5.查询没学过“张三”老师课的学生的学号、姓名（重点） !!!

-- 自己开始做了好几次都不对，还要再巩固！

TIPS：先找出学过张三老师课的学生，再用 not in 排除！

①、select s_id,s_name from Student where s_id not in

(select s_id from Score c where c.c_id=

(select c_id from Course a join Teacher b on a.t_id=b.t_id

where t_name ='张三'));

②、select s_name from Student where s_name not in (select s_name

from Student a left join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id left join Course c on b.c_id = c.c_id

left join Teacher d on c.t_id = d.t_id where t_name = '张三' 

group by a.s_id,s_name,t_name);

-- 6.查询学过“张三”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名（重点）

select a.s_id,s_name from Student a left join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id

left join Course c on b.c_id = c.c_id

left join Teacher d on c.t_id = d.t_id

where t_name = '张三' group by a.s_id ,s_name,t_name;

-- 7.查询学过编号为“01”的课程并且也学过编号为“02”的课程的学生的学号、姓名（重点）

-- 学过01课程的同学 与 学过02课程的同学，取交集

-- 子查询，和第一题的思路相似

select a.s_id,s_name from

(select * from Score where c_id =01) a inner join

(select * from Score where c_id =02) b on a.s_id = b.s_id

left join Student c on a.s_id = c.s_id;

-- 8.查询课程编号为“02”的总成绩（不重点）

select c_id,sum(s_score) as '总成绩' from Score where c_id=02 group by c_id;

-- 9.查询 (所有的课程成绩） 小于60分的学生的学号、姓名

select  a.s_id, s_name, min(s_score)as '最高分' from Score a

join Student b on a.s_id = b.s_id

group by a.s_id,s_name having max(s_score)<60;

-- 10.查询没有学全所有课的学生的学号、姓名(重点)

-- 子查询 (select count(distinct c_id) from Course)

select a.s_id,s_name,count(c_id) from Student a left join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id

group by s_id having count( distinct c_id) !=(select count(distinct c_id) from Course);

-- 11.查询至少有一门课与学号为“01”的学生所学课程相同的学生的学号和姓名（重点）

select a.s_id,s_name from Score a join Student b on a.s_id = b.s_id

where c_id  in

(select c_id from Score where s_id =01)

GROUP BY a.s_id,s_name;

-- 12.查询和“01”号同学所学课程完全相同的其他同学的学号(重点) ！！！

TIPS：01号同学学了01,02,03三门课

-- ① 选出的课不在01,02,03三门课--排除

-- ② 剩下的同学肯定选了01,02,03三门课，再判断所学课程数=3

select * from Student 

weher s_id in ( select s_id from Score where s_id !=01

group by s_id

having count(distinct c_id) = (select count(distinct c_id ) from Score where s_id =01))

and s_id not in

(select s_id from Score where c_id

not in (select c_id from Score where s_id=01));

-- 15.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩（重点）

select c.s_id,s_name,平均成绩,不及格科目数

from (select a.s_id,s_name,avg(s_score) as '平均成绩'

from Student a join  Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id

group by s_id) c

join

(select s_id,count(*) as '不及格科目数' from Score

where s_score<60 group by s_id having count(*)>=2) d

on c.s_id =d.s_id

-- 16.检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息（和34题重复，不重点）

select a.s_id,s_name,c_id,s_score

from Score a join Student b on a.s_id = b.s_id

where c_id=01 and s_score <60 order by s_score desc;

-- 17.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩(重重点与35一样)

--  把语文、数学、英语各门课程成绩横着排出来，有点厉害哦~

select s_id as '学号',avg(s_score)as '平均成绩',

max(case when c_id =01 then s_score else null end) as '语文',

max(case when c_id =02 then s_score else null end) as '数学',

max(case when c_id =03 then s_score else null end) as '英语'

from Score

group by s_id

order by avg(s_score) desc;

-- 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分 (超级重点)  ！！！：

以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率。及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90

select a.c_id as '课程id',c_name as '课程名称',

avg(s_score) as '平均分',max(s_score) as '最高分',min(s_score ) as '最低分' ,

sum(case when s_score >=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as '及格率',

sum(case when s_score >=70 and s_score <80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as '中等率',

sum(case when s_score >=80 and s_score <90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as '优良率',

sum(case when s_score >=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(*) as '优秀率'

from Score a

join Course b

on a.c_id = b.c_id

group by a.c_id;

-- 19. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名 (重点！！！) 涉及到窗口函数，但是我的navicat运行不出来。

select s_id,c_id,s_score,rank() over(order by s_score desc) as 'rank' from window_test

from Score ;

-- 20. 查询学生的总成绩并进行排名（不重点）

select s_id,sum(s_score) from Score group by s_id order by sum(s_score) desc;

-- 21. 查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示(不重点)

select t_id,c_name,avg(s_score) from Score a

join Course b on a.c_id = b.c_id group by t_id,c_name

order by avg(s_score) desc;

-- 22. 查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩（重要 25类似）窗口函数

select * from

(select s_name,c_id,s_score,row number() over(partition by c_id order by s_score desc) as 'm'

from Score a join Student b on a.s_id = b.s_id) c where m in (2,3);

-- 23.使用分段[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[<60]来统计各科成绩，分别统计各分数段人数：课程ID和课程名称(重点和18题类似)

-- 也是按条件计数

select a.c_id as '课程id',c_name as '课程名称',

sum(case when s_score <60 then 1 else 0 end) as '不及格',

sum(case when s_score >=60 and s_score<70 then 1 else 0 end) as '中等',

sum(case when s_score >=80 and s_score<90 then 1 else 0 end) as '优良',

sum(case when s_score >=90 then 1 else 0 end) as '优秀'

from Score a join Course b on a.c_id = b.c_id group by a.c_id,c_name;

-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次（同19题，重点） 涉及窗口函数

select s_name,avg(s_score),rank() over(order by avg(s_score) desc) as 'rank'

from Student a join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by s_name;

-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数(不重点)

select c_id,count(distinct s_id) as '选课人数' from Score group by c_id;

-- 27、 查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名(不重点)

select s_id,count(distinct c_id) as '课程数' from Score group by s_id having 课程数 = 2;

-- 28、查询男生、女生人数(不重点)

select s_sex,count(*) from Student group by s_sex;

-- 29 查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息（不重点）

select * from Student where s_name like '%风%' ;

-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单（重点year）

select * from Student where year(s_birth) = 1990;

-- 32、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩（不重要）

select a.s_id,s_name,avg(s_score) from Student a join Score b on a.s_id =b.s_id

group by a.s_id,s_name having avg(s_score)>=85;

-- 33、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排序，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列（不重要）

select a.c_id,c_name,avg(s_score) from Score a join Course b on a.c_id = b.c_id

group by a.c_id order by avg(s_score)asc,a.c_id desc;

-- 34、查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数（不重点）

select s_name,s_score from Score a join Course b on a.c_id = b.c_id

join Student c on a.s_id = c.s_id where c_name='数学' and s_score <60;

-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（重点）

select a.s_id,s_name,

max(case when c_name='语文' then s_score else null end) as '语文',

max(case when c_name='数学' then s_score else null end) as '数学',

max(case when c_name='英语' then s_score else null end) as '英语'

from Student a left join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id

join Course c on b.c_id = c.c_id

group by a.s_id,s_name;

-- 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数（重点）

select s_name,

max(case when c_name='语文' then s_score else null end) as '语文',

max(case when c_name='数学' then s_score else null end) as '数学',

max(case when c_name='英语' then s_score else null end) as '英语'

from Score a join Student b on a.s_id=b.s_id

join Course c on c.c_id = a.c_id

where s_score>=70

group by s_name;

-- 37、查询不及格的课程并按课程号从大到小排列(不重点)

select a.c_id,s_score from Score a join Course b on a.c_id = b.c_id

where s_score<60 order by a.c_id desc;

-- 38、查询课程编号为03且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名（不重要）

select a.s_id,s_name,s_score from Student a join Score b on a.s_id = b.s_id

where b.c_id=03 and s_score >80;

-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数（不重要）

select c_id,count(*) from Score group by c_id;

-- 40、查询选修“张三”老师所授课程的学生中成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩（重要top）

select s_name,s_score from Score a join Student b on a.s_id =b.s_id

where c_id = (select c_id from Course

where t_id = (select t_id from Teacher where t_name = '张三'))

order by s_score desc limit 0,1;

-- 41.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩 （重点）

select a.s_id from (select s_id,s_score

from Score a group by s_id,s_score) a group by s_id having count(*) =1;

-- 42、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名（同22和25题）

-- 43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列（不重要）

select c_id,count(distinct s_id) from Score group by c_id

having count(distinct s_id)>5 order by count(s_id) desc,c_id;

-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号（不重要）

select s_id,count(c_id) from Score group by s_id having count(c_id) >=2;

-- 45、 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

select s_id,count(distinct c_id) from Score group by s_id 

having count(distinct c_id)=(select count(c_id) from Course);

-- 46、查询各学生的年龄（精确到月份）

select s_id,s_name,FLOOR(DATEDIFF(now(),s_birth)/365) as '年龄' from Student;

-- 47、查询没学过“张三”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

select s_id,s_name from Student where s_id not in

(select s_id from Score where c_id=

(select c_id from Course where t_id=

(select t_id from Teacher where t_name = '张三')));

-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生

select * from Student

where week(concat('2020-',substring(s_birth,6,5)),1)= week('2020-5-15',1)+1;

-- 49、查询本月过生日的学生

select * from Student where month(s_birth)=month(now());

-- 50、查询下个月过生日的学生

select * from Student where

case when month(now())=12 then month(s_birth) =1

else month(s_birth) = month(now()) +1 end;

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三、说明

题目来自于：

常见的SQL面试题：经典50题 - 知乎（ https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/38354000）