1.邮件处理原则
使用Gmail也有几年了，有些小技巧总结下。首先说下我的邮件处理原则:
- 不要立即回复邮件。先对邮件分类，对于稍后处理的邮件，放入收件箱(Inbox)作为待处理列表。重要邮件存档，不重要邮件该存档的存档，该删除的删除。
- 为存档邮件创建标签。便于后续查找。
- 及时清空收件箱。需要及时处理的邮件，应用标签后让它出现在收件箱。视收件箱为待处理列表，定时清理。
2.常用的概念
用好Gmail首先要明确Gmail邮件的设计逻辑，下面是一些常用的概念。
2.1.文件夹(Folder)
实际上Gmail的文件夹等同于标签，邮件出现在哪个文件夹中，其实就是打上了什么标签。下面列出的都是系统文件夹，无法删除和更改：
- 收件箱(inbox)
- 草稿箱(draft)
- 已发邮件(sent)
- 星标邮件(starred)
- 垃圾邮件(spam)
- 已删邮件(trash)
- GTalk(chats)
- Google+(circle)
2.2.标签(Label)
标签类似于自定义文件夹，但是又与传统文件夹的概念有所不同。可以给一封邮件可以应用多个标签，标签可以从多个维度描述一封邮件。现在的趋势是用标签代替多级目录，微信联系人、Windows文件都支持标签了，理念是一样的。Gmail的标签还支持自定义颜色。
我的标签
2.3.分类(Category)
如果说精细的描述一封邮件可以用标签，那么粗粒度的描述就可以用Gmail的分类。不过这个功能我基本不用。
2.4.用户名(Username)
用户名只允许进行一次注册。无论该用户名是否包含额外的句点或大写字母，其他任何人都无法注册相同的用户名，这些用户名都归您所有。
3.常用操作
除了正常的收发邮件，Gmail提供了强大的检索和预处理功能，用好以后可以自动化处理大多数邮件。
3.1.存档(Archive)
存档实际上执行的是删除「收件箱」标签的操作。如果邮件在「收件箱」中，选择邮件，点击存档，邮件将被移至「所有邮件」标签。如果已经给邮件添加了标签，既可以在对应标签中找到邮件，也可以在「所有邮件」标签中找到它。
移回收件箱实际上执行的是添加Inbox标签的操作。点击页面左侧「所有邮件」标签。选中需要移回的邮件，点击「移至收件箱」。
3.2.搜索邮件(Search)
Gmail支持搜索查找邮件，可以通过检索邮件内容，也可以通过检索邮件的特征(如收件人、发件人、标签、附件信息等)信息进行搜索。如果应用搜索操作符(Operator)，可以更精确的进行查找。下面是一些常用的操作符和语法，更多用法见文末表格。
- 应用标签的存档邮件通过搜索功能，或者在「所有邮件」(All Mail)和已应用的标签中找到。
- 没有标签的存档邮件通过搜索功能，或者在「所有邮件」(All Mail)中找到。
- 如果有人回复存档邮件，会话重新出现在收件箱中。
操作符
- from:<Contact>
- to:<Contact>
- has:<Some Words>
- is:<Folder>
- filename:<Attachment>
- label:<Tag>
语法
- 与关系(AND)：" "分隔的关键词，需要同时出现，相当于"+"。
- 或关系(OR)："|"分隔的关键词，不需要同时出现，相当于","。
- 非关系(NOT)：关键词前添加"-"，排除某个关键词。
- 停用词：一些特殊符号作为停用词，不纳入到搜索条件中。如方括号[]。
- 关键词精确匹配：使用引号("*****")，精确匹配字符串，字符串中的加号和减号当做一般文本处理。
- 组合条件：圆括号()，组合搜索语句中的不同条件。
- 条件关系：FROM、TO等操作符一起使用时是与关系。
示例
示例1：邮件过滤规则cron "make -C" -gistore的含义是：必须在搜索的字段中同时出现单词 cron 和字符串 "make -C"，并且在搜索的字段中不能出现单词 gistore 。
示例2：邮件过滤规则"Cron Daemon" ossxp.com OR ossxp.net出现在发件人中含义是:发件人字段必须包含 "Cron Daemon" 字符串（引号除外）同时发件人字段还必须包含 ossxp.com 或者 ossxp.net。
3.3.过滤器（Filter）
过滤器相当于一个批处理程序，可以根据用户预先定义的操作处理邮件。
3.3.1.创建过滤器
- 点击搜索框中的向下箭头。将出现一个让您指定搜索条件的窗口。
- 输入您的搜索条件。如果您要检查是否能正常进行搜索，请点击“搜索”按钮。
- 点击搜索窗口底部的「根据此搜索条件创建过滤器」。
- 如果您需要验证搜索结果，可以点击 x 折叠过滤器选项。
- 再次点击向下箭头将返回含有您输入的搜索条件的窗口。
- 点击创建过滤器按钮。
- 转发操作：只影响新邮件，现有邮件（即使符合规则）都不会进行转发。
3.3.2.修改或删除现有过滤器
- 选择设置。
- 点击过滤器标签。
- 找到您要更改的过滤器，然后点击修改或删除以删除该过滤器。
- 如果您要修改过滤器，请在相应的字段中输入更新的过滤条件，然后点击修改过滤器操作。
- 更新所有操作，然后点击更新过滤器按钮。
- 您可以创建任意多个过滤器，但只有 20 个过滤器可用于将邮件转发到其他地址。
- 您可以将发送邮件至同一地址的过滤器合并在一起，从而尽可能多地添加用于控制转发的过滤器。
3.3.3.示例
自动加标签：提醒收到邮件，点击存档后自动移动到proj标签。
- 添加标签：工作邮件/proj
- 结果：存储至收件箱和标签箱，并提醒。
自动存档：收到邮件自动添加标签，并从收件箱中移出，以便闲时查看：
- 添加标签：工作邮件/proj
- 结果：存储至收件箱和标签箱，不提醒。
使用特定邮件创建过滤器
- 在邮件列表中选择该邮件。
- 点击更多按钮，然后点击过滤此类邮件。
- 在相应的字段中输入过滤条件。
过滤垃圾邮件
- Killfile。如果有人给我发送很多 的垃圾邮件（恶作剧邮件、多链接的邮件），他们就会被加入我的KillFile。看一下发件人处的Email地址是否已经存在于我的Killfile过滤规则中，如果已存在，就删除这封邮件；如果没有，那么就把这个Email地址加入Killfile的过滤规则中。
-
使用通配符。使用通配符(*)可以用来来找出那些来自某些公司的使用同一域名的的邮件。一个很好的利用就是使用通配符来跟踪自己在Amazon、eBay等网上商店的购物邮件。只需创建一个发件人如
*@amazon.com|*@ebay.com|*@paypal.com的过滤规则即可。
3.4.两步验证
为了保障账户的安全性，可以开启Google两步验证。在手机上安装Authenticator，并登录https://www.google.com/accounts/b/0/SmsAuthConfig进行设置。
3.5.推送
如果在iOS上安装了Gmail，发送到收件箱的邮件会有推送提醒。
附录：常用搜索操作符
| Operator | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| from: | Used to specify the sender | from:amy Meaning: Messages from Amy |
| to: | Used to specify a recipient | to:davidMeaning: All messages that were sent to David (by you or someone else) |
| subject: | Search for words in the subject line | subject:dinnerMeaning: Messages that have the word "dinner" in the subject |
| OR | Search for messages matching term A or term B**OR must be in all caps | from:amy OR from:david Meaning: Messages from Amy or from David |
| -(hyphen) | Used to exclude messages from your search | dinner -movie Meaning: Messages that contain the word "dinner" but do not contain the word "movie" |
| label: | Search for messages by label | ** from:amy label:friendsMeaning: Messages from Amy that have the label "friends" from:david label:my-family**Meaning: Messages from David that have the label "My Family" |
| has:attachment | Search for messages with an attachment | from:david has:attachment Meaning: Messages from David that have an attachment |
| list: | Search for messages on mailing lists | list:info@example.comMeaning: Messages with the words info@example.com in the headers, sent to or from this list |
| filename: | Search for an attachment by name or type |
filename:physicshomework.txt Meaning: Messages with an attachment named "physicshomework.txt" label:work filename:pdf Meaning: Messages labeled "work" that also have a PDF file as an attachment |
| " "(quotes) | Used to search for an exact phrase Capitalization isn't taken into consideration |
"i'm feeling lucky"Meaning: Messages containing the phrase "i'm feeling lucky" or "I'm feeling lucky" subject:"dinner and a movie"Meaning: Messages containing the phrase "dinner and a movie" in the subject |
| ( ) | Used to group words Used to specify terms that shouldn't be excluded |
from:amy (dinner OR movie)Meaning: Messages from Amy that contain either the word "dinner" or the word "movie" subject:(dinner movie)Meaning: Messages in which the subject contains both the word "dinner" and the word "movie" |
| in:anywhere | Search for messages anywhere in Gmail Messages in Spam and Trash are excluded from searches by default | **in:anywhere movie **Meaning: Messages in All Mail, Spam, and Trash that contain the word "movie" |
| in:inbox in:trash in:spam |
Search for messages in Inbox, Trash, or Spam | in:trash from:amyMeaning: Messages from Amy that are in Trash |
| is:important label:important |
Search within messages that Priority Inbox considers important. |
is:important from:janetMeaning: Messages from Janet that were marked as important by Priority Inbox |
| is:starred is:unread is:read |
Search for messages that are starred, unread, or read | is:read is:starred from:DavidMeaning: Messages from David that have been read and are marked with a star |
| has:yellow-star has:red-star has:orange-star has:green-star has:blue-star has:purple-star has:red-bang has:orange-guillemet has:yellow-bang has:green-check has:blue-info has:purple-question |
Search for messages with a particular star | has:purple-star from:DavidMeaning: Messages from David that are marked with a purple star |
| cc:bcc: | Used to specify recipients in the cc: or bcc: fields**Search on bcc: cannot retrieve messages on which you were blind carbon copied | **cc:david **Meaning: Messages that were cc-ed to David |
| after: before: older: newer: |
Search for messages sent or received during a certain period of time(using the date format yyyy/mm/dd) | **after:2004/04/16 before:2004/04/18 Meaning: Messages sent between April 16, 2004 and April 18, 2004.More precisely: Messages sent after 12:00 AM (or 00:00) April 16, 2004 and before April 18, 2004. |
| older_than newer_than |
Similar to older and newer, but allows relative dates using d, m, and y for day, month, and year | newer_than:2dMeaning: Finds messages sent within the last two days. |
| is:chat | Search for chat messages | is:chat monkeyMeaning: Any chat message including the word "monkey." |
| deliveredto: | Search for messages within a particular email address in the Delivered-To line of the message header | deliveredto:username@gmail.comMeaning: Any message with username@gmail.com in the Delivered-To: field of the message header (which can help you find messages forwarded from another account or ones sent to an alias). |
| circle: | Search for messages that were sent from someone who you added to a particular Google+ circle | ** circle:friends**Meaning: Any message that was sent by a person in your "Friends" circle.Examples: circle:"soccer friends (team blue)" or circle:"my "fab four""Notes: For circle names that include a space, parentheses, curly brackets, or vertical bar, add quotes around the name. For names that include quotes, add a back slash immediately before the quotes. |
| has:circle | Search for all messages that were sent from someone who you added to your Google+ circles | ** has:circle **Meaning: Any message that was sent by a person in any of your circles. |
| category: | Search for messages within a category | category:updatesMeaning: All messages in the Updates category. Example: category:social MindyMeaning: Messages in the Social category that include “Mindy.” |
| size: | Search for messages larger than the specified size in bytes | ** size:1000000 **Meaning: All messages larger than 1MB (1,000,000 bytes) in size. |
| larger:smaller: | Similar to size: but allows abbreviations for numbers | ** larger:10M **Meaning: All messages of at least 10M bytes (10,000,000 bytes) in size. |
| +(plus sign) | Match the search term exactly | ** +unicorn **Meaning: Finds messages containing “unicorn” but not “unicorns” or “unciorn” |
| rfc822msgid: | Find a message by the message-id header | rfc822msgid:200503292@example.comMeaning: Locates the exact message with the specified SMTP message-id. Learn more about headers. |
| has:userlabels has:nouserlabels |
Search for messages that have and have not had labels that you created applied to them.NOTE: Gmail applies labels to individual messages, not to conversation threads. | ** has:nouserlabels**Meaning: Finds all messages without any of your own labels (excludes automatic labels like inbox, spam, and trash). Since Gmail applies labels to individual messages, you might see results that appear to have labels; in this case, another message in the same conversation thread has had a label applied to it. |
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