DeferredResult——异步请求处理

作者: 程序员Sunny | 来源:发表于2018-06-25 00:31 被阅读116次
    本文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/062c2c6e21da
    传送门

    大家都知道,Callable和DeferredResult可以用来进行异步请求处理。利用它们,我们可以异步生成返回值,在具体处理的过程中,我们直接在controller中返回相应的Callable或者DeferredResult,在这之后,servlet线程将被释放,可用于其他连接;DeferredResult另外会有线程来进行结果处理,并setResult。

    基础准备

    在正式开始之前,我们先做一点准备工作,在项目中新建了一个base模块。其中包含一些提供基础支持的java类,在其他模块中可能会用到。

    ResponseMsg

    我们定义了一个ResponseMsg的实体类来作为我们的返回值类型:

    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class ResponseMsg<T> {
    
        private int code;
    
        private String msg;
    
        private T data;
    
    }
    

    非常简单,里面包含了code、msg和data三个字段,其中data为泛型类型。另外类的注解Data、NoArgsConstructor和AllArgsConstructor都是lombok提供的简化我们开发的,主要功能分别是,为我们的类生成set和get方法,生成无参构造器和生成全参构造器。使用idea进行开发的童鞋可以装一下lombok的支持插件。另外,lombok的依赖参见:

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok-maven</artifactId>
                <version>1.16.16.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
    
    TaskService

    我们建立了一个TaskService,用来为阻塞调用和Callable调用提供实际结果处理的。代码如下:

    @Service
    public class TaskService {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskService.class);
    
        public ResponseMsg<String> getResult(){
    
            log.info("任务开始执行,持续等待中...");
    
            try {
                Thread.sleep(30000L);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.info("任务处理完成");
            return new ResponseMsg<String>(0,"操作成功","success");
        }
    }
    

    可以看到,里面实际提供服务的是getResult方法,这边直接返回一个new ResponseMsg<String>(0,"操作成功","success")。但是其中又特意让它sleep了30秒,模拟一个耗时较长的请求。

    阻塞调用

    平时我们用的最普遍的还是阻塞调用,通常请求的处理时间较短,在并发量较小的情况下,使用阻塞调用问题也不是很大。
    阻塞调用实现非常简单,我们首先新建一个模块blockingtype,里面只包含一个controller类,用来接收请求并利用TaskService来获取结果。

    @RestController
    public class BlockController {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BlockController.class);
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskService taskService;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public ResponseMsg<String> getResult(){
    
            log.info("接收请求,开始处理...");
            ResponseMsg<String> result =  taskService.getResult();
            log.info("接收任务线程完成并退出");
    
            return result;
    
        }
    }
    

    我们请求的是getResult方法,其中调用了taskService,这个taskService我们是注入得到的。关于怎么跨模块注入的,其实也非常简单,在本模块,加入对其他模块的依赖就可以了。比如这里我们在blockingtype的pom.xml文件中加入对base模块的依赖:

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.sunny</groupId>
                <artifactId>base</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
    

    然后我们看一下实际调用效果,这里我们设置端口号为8080,启动日志如下:

    2018-06-24 19:02:48.514  INFO 11207 --- [           main] com.sunny.BlockApplication               : Starting BlockApplication on xdeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 11207 (/Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask/blockingtype/target/classes started by zsunny in /Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask)
    2018-06-24 19:02:48.519  INFO 11207 --- [           main] com.sunny.BlockApplication               : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2018-06-24 19:02:48.762  INFO 11207 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4445629: startup date [Sun Jun 24 19:02:48 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 19:02:50.756  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
    2018-06-24 19:02:50.778  INFO 11207 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2018-06-24 19:02:50.780  INFO 11207 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
    2018-06-24 19:02:50.922  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2018-06-24 19:02:50.922  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2200 ms
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.156  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.162  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.163  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.163  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.163  INFO 11207 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.620  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4445629: startup date [Sun Jun 24 19:02:48 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.724  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/get],methods=[GET]}" onto public com.sunny.entity.ResponseMsg<java.lang.String> com.sunny.controller.BlockController.getResult()
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.730  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.731  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.780  INFO 11207 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.780  INFO 11207 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:02:51.838  INFO 11207 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:02:52.126  INFO 11207 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2018-06-24 19:02:52.205  INFO 11207 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
    2018-06-24 19:02:52.211  INFO 11207 --- [           main] com.sunny.BlockApplication               : Started BlockApplication in 5.049 seconds (JVM running for 6.118)
    

    可以看到顺利启动了,那么我们就来访问一下:

    http://localhost:8080/get
    

    等待了大概30秒左右,得到json数据:

    {"code":0,"msg":"操作成功","data":"success"}
    
    图片.png

    然后我们来看看控制台的日志:

    2018-06-24 19:04:07.315  INFO 11207 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.BlockController     : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-24 19:04:07.316  INFO 11207 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.sunny.service.TaskService            : 任务开始执行,持续等待中...
    2018-06-24 19:04:37.322  INFO 11207 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.sunny.service.TaskService            : 任务处理完成
    2018-06-24 19:04:37.322  INFO 11207 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.BlockController     : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    

    可以看到在“ResponseMsg<String> result = taskService.getResult();”的时候是阻塞了大约30秒钟,随后才执行它后面的打印语句“log.info("接收任务线程完成并退出");”。

    Callable异步调用

    涉及到较长时间的请求处理的话,比较好的方式是用异步调用,比如利用Callable返回结果。异步主要表现在,接收请求的servlet可以不用持续等待结果产生,而可以被释放去处理其他事情。当然,在调用者来看的话,其实还是表现在持续等待30秒。这有利于服务端提供更大的并发处理量。
    这里我们新建一个callabledemo模块,在这个模块中,我们一样只包含一个TaskController,另外也是需要加入base模块的依赖。只不过这里我们的返回值不是ResponseMsg类型了,而是一个Callable类型。

    @RestController
    public class TaskController {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskController.class);
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskService taskService;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public Callable<ResponseMsg<String>> getResult(){
    
            log.info("接收请求,开始处理...");
    
            Callable<ResponseMsg<String>> result = (()->{
                return taskService.getResult();
            });
    
            log.info("接收任务线程完成并退出");
    
            return result;
        }
    
    }
    

    在里面,我们创建了一个Callable类型的变量result,并实现了它的call方法,在call方法中,我们也是调用taskService的getResult方法得到返回值并返回。
    下一步我们就运行一下这个模块,这里我们在模块的application.yml中设置端口号为8081:

    server:
      port: 8081
    

    启动,可以看到控制台的消息:

    2018-06-24 19:38:14.658  INFO 11226 --- [           main] com.sunny.CallableApplication            : Starting CallableApplication on xdeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 11226 (/Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask/callabledemo/target/classes started by zsunny in /Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask)
    2018-06-24 19:38:14.672  INFO 11226 --- [           main] com.sunny.CallableApplication            : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2018-06-24 19:38:14.798  INFO 11226 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4445629: startup date [Sun Jun 24 19:38:14 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 19:38:16.741  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8081 (http)
    2018-06-24 19:38:16.762  INFO 11226 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2018-06-24 19:38:16.764  INFO 11226 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
    2018-06-24 19:38:16.918  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2018-06-24 19:38:16.919  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2126 ms
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.144  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.149  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.150  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.150  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.150  INFO 11226 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.632  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4445629: startup date [Sun Jun 24 19:38:14 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.726  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/get],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.util.concurrent.Callable<com.sunny.entity.ResponseMsg<java.lang.String>> com.sunny.controller.TaskController.getResult()
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.731  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.733  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.777  INFO 11226 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.777  INFO 11226 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:38:17.825  INFO 11226 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 19:38:18.084  INFO 11226 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2018-06-24 19:38:18.176  INFO 11226 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8081 (http)
    2018-06-24 19:38:18.183  INFO 11226 --- [           main] com.sunny.CallableApplication            : Started CallableApplication in 4.538 seconds (JVM running for 5.327)
    

    完美启动了,然后我们还是一样,访问一下:

    http://localhost:8081/get
    

    在大约等待了30秒左右,我们在浏览器上得到json数据:

    {"code":0,"msg":"操作成功","data":"success"}
    
    图片.png

    和阻塞调用的结果一样——当然一样啦,都是同taskService中得到的结果。
    然后我们看看控制台的消息:

    2018-06-24 19:39:07.738  INFO 11226 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-24 19:39:07.740  INFO 11226 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    2018-06-24 19:39:07.753  INFO 11226 --- [      MvcAsync1] com.sunny.service.TaskService            : 任务开始执行,持续等待中...
    2018-06-24 19:39:37.756  INFO 11226 --- [      MvcAsync1] com.sunny.service.TaskService            : 任务处理完成
    

    很显然,这里的消息出现的顺序和阻塞模式有所不同了,这里在“接收请求,开始处理...”之后直接打印了“接收任务线程完成并退出”。而不是先出现“任务处理完成”后再出现“接收任务线程完成并退出”。这就说明,这里没有阻塞在从taskService中获得数据的地方,controller中直接执行后面的部分(这里可以做其他很多事,不仅仅是打印日志)。

    DeferredResult异步调用

    前面铺垫了那么多,还是主要来说DeferredResult的;和Callable一样,DeferredResult也是为了支持异步调用。两者的主要差异,Sunny觉得主要在DeferredResult需要自己用线程来处理结果setResult,而Callable的话不需要我们来维护一个结果处理线程。总体来说,Callable的话更为简单,同样的也是因为简单,灵活性不够;相对地,DeferredResult更为复杂一些,但是又极大的灵活性。在可以用Callable的时候,直接用Callable;而遇到Callable没法解决的场景的时候,可以尝试使用DeferredResult。
    这里Sunny将会设计两个DeferredResult使用场景。

    场景一:
    1. 创建一个持续在随机间隔时间后从任务队列中获取任务的线程
    2. 访问controller中的方法,创建一个DeferredResult,设定超时时间和超时返回对象
    3. 设定DeferredResult的超时回调方法和完成回调方法
    4. 将DeferredResult放入任务中,并将任务放入任务队列
    5. 步骤1中的线程获取到任务队列中的任务,并产生一个随机结果返回
      场景其实非常简单,接下来我们来看看具体的实现。首先,我们还是来看任务实体类是怎么样的。
    /**
     * 任务实体类
     */
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class Task {
    
        private int taskId;
    
        private DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> taskResult;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Task{" +
                    "taskId=" + taskId +
                    ", taskResult" + "{responseMsg=" + taskResult.getResult() + "}" +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    

    看起来非常简单,成员变量又taskId和taskResult,前者是int类型,后者为我们的DeferredResult类型,它的泛型类型为ResponseMsg<String>,注意这里用到ResponseMsg,所以也需要导入base模块的依赖。另外注解之前已经说明了,不过这里再提一句,@Data注解也包含了toString的重写,但是这里为了知道具体的ResponseMsg的内容,Sunny特意手动重写。
    看完Task类型,我们再来看看任务队列。

    @Component
    public class TaskQueue {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskQueue.class);
    
        private static final int QUEUE_LENGTH = 10;
    
        private BlockingQueue<Task> queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(QUEUE_LENGTH);
    
        private int taskId = 0;
    
    
        /**
         * 加入任务
         * @param deferredResult
         */
        public void put(DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> deferredResult){
    
            taskId++;
    
            log.info("任务加入队列,id为:{}",taskId);
    
            queue.offer(new Task(taskId,deferredResult));
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取任务
         * @return
         * @throws InterruptedException
         */
        public Task take() throws InterruptedException {
    
            Task task = queue.poll();
    
            log.info("获得任务:{}",task);
    
            return task;
        }
    }
    

    这里我们将它作为一个bean,之后会在其他bean中注入,这里实际的队列为成员变量queue,它是LinkedBlockingDeque类型的。还有一个成员变量为taskId,是用于自动生成任务id的,并且在加入任务的方法中实现自增,以确保每个任务的id唯一性。方法的话又put和take方法,分别用于向队列中添加任务和取出任务;其中,对queue的操作,分别用了offer和poll,这样是实现一个非阻塞的操作,并且在队列为空和队列已满的情况下不会抛出异常。另外,大家实现的时候,可以考虑使用ConcurrentLinkedQueue来高效处理并发,Sunny这里选择阻塞队列,在使用的时候需要加锁。
    然后我们来看步骤1中的,启动一个持续从任务队列中获取任务的线程的具体实现。

    @Component
    public class TaskExecute {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskExecute.class);
    
        private static final Random random = new Random();
    
        //默认随机结果的长度
        private static final int DEFAULT_STR_LEN = 10;
        
        //用于生成随机结果
        private static final String str = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskQueue taskQueue;
    
    
        /**
         * 初始化启动
         */
        @PostConstruct
        public void init(){
    
            log.info("开始持续处理任务");
    
            new Thread(this::execute).start();
    
    
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 持续处理
         * 返回执行结果
         */
        private void execute(){
    
            while (true){
    
                try {
    
                    //取出任务
                    Task task;
    
                    synchronized (taskQueue) {
    
                        task = taskQueue.take();
    
                    }
    
                    if(task != null) {
    
                        //设置返回结果
                        String randomStr = getRandomStr(DEFAULT_STR_LEN);
    
                        ResponseMsg<String> responseMsg = new ResponseMsg<String>(0, "success", randomStr);
    
                        log.info("返回结果:{}", responseMsg);
    
                        task.getTaskResult().setResult(responseMsg);
                    }
    
                    int time = random.nextInt(10);
    
                    log.info("处理间隔:{}秒",time);
    
                    Thread.sleep(time*1000L);
    
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
    
            }
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取长度为len的随机串
         * @param len
         * @return
         */
        private String getRandomStr(int len){
    
            int maxInd = str.length();
    
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    
            int ind;
    
            for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
    
                ind = random.nextInt(maxInd);
    
                sb.append(str.charAt(ind));
    
            }
    
            return String.valueOf(sb);
    
        }
    }
    

    这里,我们注入了TaskQueue,成员变量比较简单并且有注释,不再说明,主要来看方法。先看一下最后一个方法getRandomStr,很显然,这是一个获得长度为len的随机串的方法,访问限定为private,为类中其他方法服务的。然后我们看init方法,它执行的其实就是开启了一个线程并且执行execute方法,注意一下它上面的@PostContruct注解,这个注解就是在这个bean初始化的时候就执行这个方法。所以我们需要关注的实际逻辑在execute方法中。可以看到,在execute方法中,用了一个while(true)来保证线程持续运行。因为是并发环境下,考虑对taskQueue加锁,从中取出任务;如果任务不为空,获取用getRandomStr生成一个随机结果并用setResult方法进行返回。最后可以看到,利用random生成来一个[0,10)的随机数,并让线程sleep相应的秒数。这里注意一下,需要设定一个时间间隔,否则,先线程持续跑会出现CPU负载过高的情况。
    接下来我们就看看controller是如何处理的。

    @RestController
    public class TaskController {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskController.class);
    
        //超时结果
        private static final ResponseMsg<String> OUT_OF_TIME_RESULT = new ResponseMsg<>(-1,"超时","out of time");
    
        //超时时间
        private static final long OUT_OF_TIME = 3000L;
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskQueue taskQueue;
    
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> getResult() {
    
            log.info("接收请求,开始处理...");
    
            //建立DeferredResult对象,设置超时时间,以及超时返回超时结果
            DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> result = new DeferredResult<>(OUT_OF_TIME, OUT_OF_TIME_RESULT);
    
            result.onTimeout(() -> {
                log.info("调用超时");
            });
    
            result.onCompletion(() -> {
                log.info("调用完成");
            });
    
            //并发,加锁
            synchronized (taskQueue) {
    
                taskQueue.put(result);
    
            }
    
            log.info("接收任务线程完成并退出");
    
            return result;
    
        }
    
    }
    

    这里我们同样注入了taskQueue。请求方法就只有一个getResult,返回值为DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>>。这里我们首先创建了DeferredResult对象result并且设定超时时间和超时返回结果;随后设定result的onTimeout和onCompletion方法,其实就是传入两个Runnable对象来实现回调的效果;之后就是加锁并且将result加入任务队列中。
    总体来说,场景不算非常复杂,看到这里大家应该都能基本了解了。然后我们来跑一下测试一下。我们在application.yml中设定端口为8082:

    server:
      port: 8082
    

    启动模块,控制台信息如下:

    2018-06-24 21:49:28.815  INFO 11322 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : Starting DeferredResultApplication on xdeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 11322 (/Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask/deferredresultdemo/target/classes started by zsunny in /Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask)
    2018-06-24 21:49:28.821  INFO 11322 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2018-06-24 21:49:29.010  INFO 11322 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@5ccddd20: startup date [Sun Jun 24 21:49:28 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 21:49:30.971  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8082 (http)
    2018-06-24 21:49:30.980  INFO 11322 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2018-06-24 21:49:30.981  INFO 11322 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.062  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.063  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2066 ms
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.207  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.212  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.213  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.213  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.213  INFO 11322 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.247  INFO 11322 --- [           main] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 开始持续处理任务
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.249  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskQueue                 : 获得任务:null
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.250  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 处理间隔:6秒
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.498  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@5ccddd20: startup date [Sun Jun 24 21:49:28 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.572  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/get],methods=[GET]}" onto public org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult<com.sunny.entity.ResponseMsg<java.lang.String>> com.sunny.controller.TaskController.getResult()
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.576  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.577  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.602  INFO 11322 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.602  INFO 11322 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.628  INFO 11322 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.811  INFO 11322 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.892  INFO 11322 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8082 (http)
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.897  INFO 11322 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : Started DeferredResultApplication in 3.683 seconds (JVM running for 4.873)
    2018-06-24 21:49:37.254  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskQueue                 : 获得任务:null
    2018-06-24 21:49:37.254  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 处理间隔:6秒
    

    首先程序完美启动,这没有问题,然后我们注意这几条信息:

    2018-06-24 21:49:31.247  INFO 11322 --- [           main] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 开始持续处理任务
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.249  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskQueue                 : 获得任务:null
    2018-06-24 21:49:31.250  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 处理间隔:6秒
    

    这说明我们TaskExecute中已经成功启动了持续获取任务的线程。
    接着,我们还是访问一下:

    http://localhost:8082/get
    

    这一回等待了若干秒就出现了结果:

    {"code":0,"msg":"success","data":"CEUO2lmMJr"}
    
    图片.png

    可以看到我们的随机串是CEUO2lmMJr。再一次请求又会出现不同的随机串。再看一下我们控制台的相关信息:

    2018-06-24 21:51:04.303  INFO 11322 --- [nio-8082-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-24 21:51:04.304  INFO 11322 --- [nio-8082-exec-1] com.sunny.bean.TaskQueue                 : 任务加入队列,id为:1
    2018-06-24 21:51:04.304  INFO 11322 --- [nio-8082-exec-1] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    2018-06-24 21:51:04.323  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskQueue                 : 获得任务:Task{taskId=1, taskResult{responseMsg=null}}
    2018-06-24 21:51:04.323  INFO 11322 --- [       Thread-8] com.sunny.bean.TaskExecute               : 返回结果:ResponseMsg(code=0, msg=success, data=CEUO2lmMJr)
    

    也是符合我们的预期,请求进来进入队列中,由TaskExecute获取请求并进行处理结果返回。

    场景二
    1. 用户发送请求到TaskController的getResult方法,该方法接收到请求,创建一个DeferredResult,设定超时时间和超时返回对象
    2. 设定DeferredResult的超时回调方法和完成回调方法,超时和完成都会将本次请求产生的DeferredResult从集合中remove
    3. 将DeferredResult放入集合中
    4. 另有一个TaskExecuteController,访问其中一个方法,可取出集合中的等待返回的DeferredResult对象,并将传入的参数设定为结果
      首先我们来看看DeferredResult的集合类:
    @Component
    @Data
    public class TaskSet {
    
        private Set<DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>>> set = new HashSet<>();
    
    }
    

    非常简单,只包含了一个HashSet的成员变量。这里可以考虑用ConcurrentHashMap来实现高效并发,Sunny这里简单实用HashSet,配合加锁实现并发处理。
    然后我们看看发起调用的Controller代码:

    @RestController
    public class TaskController {
    
        private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskController.class);
    
        //超时结果
        private static final ResponseMsg<String> OUT_OF_TIME_RESULT = new ResponseMsg<>(-1,"超时","out of time");
    
        //超时时间
        private static final long OUT_OF_TIME = 60000L;
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskSet taskSet;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> getResult(){
    
            log.info("接收请求,开始处理...");
    
            //建立DeferredResult对象,设置超时时间,以及超时返回超时结果
            DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>> result = new DeferredResult<>(OUT_OF_TIME, OUT_OF_TIME_RESULT);
    
            result.onTimeout(() -> {
                log.info("调用超时,移除任务,此时队列长度为{}",taskSet.getSet().size());
                
                synchronized (taskSet.getSet()) {
    
                    taskSet.getSet().remove(result);
                }
            });
    
            result.onCompletion(() -> {
                log.info("调用完成,移除任务,此时队列长度为{}",taskSet.getSet().size());
                
                synchronized (taskSet.getSet()) {
    
                    taskSet.getSet().remove(result);
                }
            });
    
            //并发,加锁
            synchronized (taskSet.getSet()) {
    
                taskSet.getSet().add(result);
    
            }
            log.info("加入任务集合,集合大小为:{}",taskSet.getSet().size());
    
            log.info("接收任务线程完成并退出");
    
            return result;
    
        }
    }
    

    和场景一中有些类似,但是注意这里在onTimeout和onCompletion中都多了一个移除元素的操作,这也就是每次调用结束,需要将集合中的DeferredResult对象移除,即集合中保存的都是等待请求结果的DeferredResult对象。
    然后我们看处理请求结果的Controller:

    @RestController
    public class TaskExecuteController {
    
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskExecuteController.class);
    
        @Autowired
        private TaskSet taskSet;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/set/{result}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String setResult(@PathVariable("result") String result){
    
            ResponseMsg<String> res = new ResponseMsg<>(0,"success",result);
    
            log.info("结果处理开始,得到输入结果为:{}",res);
    
            Set<DeferredResult<ResponseMsg<String>>> set = taskSet.getSet();
    
    
    
            synchronized (set){
    
                set.forEach((deferredResult)->{deferredResult.setResult(res);});
    
            }
    
            return "Successfully set result: " + result;
        }
    }
    

    看起来非常简单,只是做了两个操作,接收得到的参数并利用参数生成一个ResponseMsg<String>对象,随后将集合中的所有DeferredResult都设定结果为根据参数生成的ResponseMsg<String>对象。最后返回一个提示:成功设置结果...
    好了,话不多说,我们来启动测试验证一下。我们说一下验证的过程,我们同时打开两个请求,然后再设定一个结果,最后两个请求都会得到这个结果。当然同时多个或者一个请求也是一样。这里有一个地方需要注意一下:

    浏览器可能会对相同的url请求有缓存策略,也就是同时两个标签向同一个url发送请求,浏览器只会先发送一个请求,等一个请求结束才会再发送另外一个请求。

    这样,我们考虑从两个浏览器中发送请求:

    localhost:8083/get
    

    然后随便找其中一个,发送请求来设置结果:

    http://localhost:8083/set/aaa
    

    首先我们先启动模块,可以从控制台中看到完美启动管理了:

    2018-06-25 00:18:44.379  INFO 12688 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : Starting DeferredResultApplication on xdeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 12688 (/Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask/deferredresultdemo2/target/classes started by zsunny in /Users/zsunny/IdeaProjects/asynchronoustask)
    2018-06-25 00:18:44.382  INFO 12688 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2018-06-25 00:18:44.489  INFO 12688 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@96def03: startup date [Mon Jun 25 00:18:44 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.650  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8083 (http)
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.658  INFO 12688 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.659  INFO 12688 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.722  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.723  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1241 ms
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.817  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.821  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.821  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.821  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-25 00:18:45.821  INFO 12688 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.150  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@96def03: startup date [Mon Jun 25 00:18:44 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.197  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/get],methods=[GET]}" onto public org.springframework.web.context.request.async.DeferredResult<com.sunny.entity.ResponseMsg<java.lang.String>> com.sunny.controller.TaskController.getResult()
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.199  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/set/{result}],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.lang.String com.sunny.controller.TaskExecuteController.setResult(java.lang.String)
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.202  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.202  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.237  INFO 12688 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.238  INFO 12688 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.262  INFO 12688 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.362  INFO 12688 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.467  INFO 12688 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8083 (http)
    2018-06-25 00:18:46.472  INFO 12688 --- [           main] com.sunny.DeferredResultApplication      : Started DeferredResultApplication in 2.675 seconds (JVM running for 3.623)
    

    完美启动,接下来Sunny在火狐中发起一个请求


    图片.png

    可以看到正在等待请求结果。随后我们在谷歌浏览器中发起请求


    图片.png
    两个请求同时处于等待状态,这时候我们看一下控制台信息:
    2018-06-25 00:22:34.642  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-6] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-25 00:22:34.642  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-6] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 加入任务集合,集合大小为:1
    2018-06-25 00:22:34.642  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-6] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    2018-06-25 00:22:37.332  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-7] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-25 00:22:37.332  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-7] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 加入任务集合,集合大小为:2
    2018-06-25 00:22:37.332  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-7] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    

    可以看到两个请求都已经接收到了,并且加入了队列。这时候,我们再发送一个设置结果的请求。


    图片.png

    随后我们查看两个调用请求的页面,发现页面已经不在等待状态中了,都已经得到了结果。


    图片.png
    图片.png
    另外,再给大家展示一下超时的结果,即我们发起调用请求,但是不发起设置结果的请求,等待时间结束。
    图片.png

    查看控制台信息:

    2018-06-25 00:26:15.898  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-4] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收请求,开始处理...
    2018-06-25 00:26:15.898  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-4] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 加入任务集合,集合大小为:1
    2018-06-25 00:26:15.898  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-4] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 接收任务线程完成并退出
    2018-06-25 00:27:16.014  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-5] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 调用超时,移除任务,此时队列长度为1
    2018-06-25 00:27:16.018  INFO 12688 --- [nio-8083-exec-5] com.sunny.controller.TaskController      : 调用完成,移除任务,此时队列长度为0
    

    后记

    想要完整代码的童鞋,可以点此查看fork实践。


    至此,本篇文章到此结束,喜欢的童鞋可以点个赞。
    欢迎转载,转载时请注明原文地址:https://www.jianshu.com/p/062c2c6e21da
    童鞋们如果有疑问或者想和我交流的话有两种方式:

    第一种

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    第二种

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