runtime（四）

面试题class、super

本文Demo代码见gitHubDemo

面试题一

myAnimal.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface myAnimal : NSObject
@end

myAnimal.m
#import "myAnimal.h"
@implementation myAnimal
@end

myPerson.h
#import "myAnimal.h"
@interface myPerson : myAnimal
@end

myPerson.m
#import "myPerson.h"
@implementation myPerson
-(instancetype)init{
    if(self = [super init]){
        NSLog(@"[self class] = %@",[self class]); //[self class] = myPerson
        NSLog(@"[super class] = %@",[super class]);//[super class] = myPerson
        NSLog(@"[self  superclass] = %@",[self superclass]); //[self  superclass] = myAnimal
        NSLog(@"[super superclass] = %@",[super superclass]);//[super superclass] = myAnimal
    }
    return self;
}
@end

分析：xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang -arch arm64 -rewrite-objc main.m -o main.cpp

[self class];输出：myPerson
===>
((Class (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)self, sel_registerName("class"));
===>
objc_msgSend(self,@selector(class));

class方法
- (Class)class {
    return object_getClass(self);
    //这里self就是谁调用就是谁（也就是谁是消息接收者）
    //传入实例对象，返回类对象名/传入类对象，返回的是元类对象名
}
Class object_getClass(id obj){
    if (obj) return obj->getIsa(); //获取isa 
    else return Nil;
}
实例对象的isa指向元类

[super class];输出：myPerson
===>
((Class (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("myPerson"))}, sel_registerName("class"));
===>
objc_msgSendSuper({self, class_getSuperclass([myPerson class])}, @selector(class))
===>
objc_msgSendSuper({self, [myAnimal class]}, @selector(class))
对于：[super class]消息接收者还是self(myPerson)本身自己，只是方法是从父类中查找的方法而已
此时里面的self还是myPerson，所以输出：myPerson


补充：
objc_msgSendSuper函数的底层

OBJC_EXPORT id _Nullable
objc_msgSendSuper(struct objc_super * _Nonnull super, SEL _Nonnull op, ...)

其中：objc_super为结构体：
#ifndef OBJC_SUPER
#define OBJC_SUPER
/// Specifies the superclass of an instance. 
struct objc_super {
    /// Specifies an instance of a class.
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull id receiver;

    /// Specifies the particular superclass of the instance to message. 
#if !defined(__cplusplus)  &&  !__OBJC2__
    /* For compatibility with old objc-runtime.h header */
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class class;
#else
    __unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class super_class;
#endif
    /* super_class is the first class to search */
};
#endif

[self superclass];输出：myAnimal
===>
((Class (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)self, sel_registerName("superclass"));
===>
objc_msgSend(self, @selector(superclass));
myPerson的父类是myAnimal

补充：
- (Class)superclass {
    return [self class]->superclass;
}

struct objc_class : objc_object {
    // Class ISA;
    Class superclass;
    cache_t cache;             // formerly cache pointer and vtable
    class_data_bits_t bits;    // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags
    ......
}

[super superclass];输出：myAnimal
===>
((Class (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("myPerson"))}, sel_registerName("superclass"));
===>
objc_msgSendSuper({self,[myAniaml class]}, @selector(superclass));

我们再来看看一个例子

myAnimal.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface myAnimal : NSObject
-(void)run;
@end

myAnimal.m
#import "myAnimal.h"
@implementation myAnimal
-(void)run{
    NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
}
@end

myPerson.h
#import "myAnimal.h"
@interface myPerson : myAnimal
@end

myPerson.m
#import "myPerson.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
#import <objc/message.h>

@implementation myPerson
-(void)run{ 
  //[super run];   
  
    struct objc_super arg = {self, [myAnimal class]};
    ((Class (*)(struct objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)(&arg, @selector(run));
}
@end

myPerson *p = [[myPerson alloc]init];
[p run];
打印：
-[myAnimal run]

总结：super

 [super message]的底层实现
 1.消息接收者仍然是子类对象
 2.从父类开始查找方法的实现

---

面试题二

BOOL res1 = [[NSObject class] isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]];//1
BOOL res2 = [[NSObject class] isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]];//0
BOOL res3 = [[myPerson class] isKindOfClass:[myPerson class]];//0
BOOL res4 = [[myPerson class] isMemberOfClass:[myPerson class]];//0
BOOL res5 = [[myPerson class] isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]];//0

补充：

底层：
NSObject.mm文件

class方法
- (Class)class {
    return object_getClass(self);
}

Class object_getClass(id obj){
    if (obj) return obj->getIsa(); 
    else return Nil;
}

============================================

+ (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)cls {
    return object_getClass((id)self) == cls;
}

- (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)cls {
    return [self class] == cls;
}

+ (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)cls {
    for (Class tcls = object_getClass((id)self); tcls; tcls = tcls->superclass) {
        if (tcls == cls) return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}
- (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)cls {
    for (Class tcls = [self class]; tcls; tcls = tcls->superclass) {
        if (tcls == cls) return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}

isKindOfClass来确定一个对象是否是一个类的成员，或者是派生自该类的成员(对象包括：类对象和元类对象)
isMemberOfClass只能确定一个对象是否是当前类的成员

我们在来看看

NSLog(@"%d", [[NSObject class] isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]); //1
NSLog(@"%d", [[NSObject class] isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]]); //0
NSLog(@"%d", [[myPerson class] isKindOfClass:[myPerson class]]);//0
NSLog(@"%d", [[myPerson class] isMemberOfClass:[myPerson class]]);//0
       
等价==>（isa指针)左边的isa指向是否是右边的家伙（实例对象isa指向类对象，类对象的isa指向元类isa，元类对象的isa指向NSObject元类对象）
// 这句代码的方法调用者不管是哪个类（只要是NSObject体系下的），都返回YES
NSLog(@"%d", [NSObject isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]); // 1  //NSObject的元类的superclass是指向类对象的

NSLog(@"%d", [NSObject isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]]); // 0 左边是元类对象（类对象的类对象），而右边是类对象
NSLog(@"%d", [myPerson isKindOfClass:[myPerson class]]); // 0
NSLog(@"%d", [myPerson isMemberOfClass:[myPerson class]]); // 0
             
NSLog(@"--------");//类对象
        
id person = [[myPerson alloc] init];
        
NSLog(@"%d", [person isMemberOfClass:[myPerson class]]);//1
NSLog(@"%d", [person isMemberOfClass:[NSObject class]]);//0
        
NSLog(@"%d", [person isKindOfClass:[myPerson class]]);//1
NSLog(@"%d", [person isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]);//1
                
NSLog(@"--------"); //元类对象
        
NSLog(@"%d", [myPerson isMemberOfClass:object_getClass([myPerson class])]);//1
NSLog(@"%d", [myPerson isKindOfClass:object_getClass([NSObject class])]);//1  
NSLog(@"%d", [myPerson isKindOfClass:[NSObject class]]); //1

左边是实例对象，右边得是类对象
左边是类对象，右边得是元类对象

---

面试题三

myPerson.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface myPerson : NSObject
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *name;
-(void)print;
@end

myPerson.m
#import "myPerson.h"
@implementation myPerson
-(void)print{
    NSLog(@"name = %@",self.name);
}
@end

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "myPerson.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end

@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    id cls = [myPerson class];
    void *obj = &cls;// 将 obj 作为一个指向 myPerson Class 的指针
    [(__bridge id)obj print]; //通过（__bridge id） 将指针转换 成 Objective-C 的对象
}
@end

打印：
name = <ViewController: 0x7fcfb0d055c0>

1.print为什么能够调用成功？
2.为什么self.name变成了ViewController等其他内容

runtime_14.png

友情链接：

• Runtime（一）
• Runtime（二）
• Runtime（三）
• Runtime（五）
• gitHub_Demo