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iOS 多线程之 GCD

iOS 多线程之 GCD

作者: 大成小栈 | 来源:发表于2019-01-11 18:20 被阅读5次

1.GCD简介

Grand Central Dispatch(GCD)是由苹果开发的多线程调度框架,能够优化多线程应用程序的执行过程以支持多核处理器。GCD底层有线程池,线程池的概念在上一篇文章中有简单介绍,线程池是系统自动来维护,开发者只关注队列(Dispatch Queue)及任务的创建和同步异步调用即可。
iOS中使用GCD来实现线程操作很简单:创建队列 > 同步/异步调用 > 将任务放在上一步调用的block中。下面我们来实现异步执行耗时操作,当耗时操作执行完毕时,回到主线程来更新相应的UI的功能,简易的代码如下:

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
      // 放一些极其耗时间的任务在此执行
      dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
          // 耗时任务完成,拿到资源,更新UI更新UI只可以在主线程中更新
      });
});

在调用GCD中方法执行多线程操作时,GCD可自动利用CPU的多核实现异步处理任务,自动管理线程的生命周期(创建线程、调度任务、销毁线程),开发者只需要设置GCD需要执行的任务,不用编写任何线程管理代码。因此GCD也是苹果最为推荐开发者使用的多线程框架。

2. GCD详解

首先我们使用GCD实现异步加载多张网络图片,来熟悉一下GCD的使用过程:

//// 自定义图片Model
@interface GCDImage : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger index;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSData *imgData;

@end
@implementation GCDImage

@end


////  GCD加载一张网络图片
#define ColumnCount    4
#define RowCount       5
#define Margin         10

@interface MultiThread_GCD ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *imageViews;

@end

@implementation MultiThread_GCD

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self setTitle:@"GCD"];
    [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
    self.edgesForExtendedLayout = UIRectEdgeNone;
    
    [self layoutViews];
}

- (void)layoutViews {
    
    CGSize size = self.view.frame.size;
    CGFloat imgWidth = (size.width - Margin * (ColumnCount + 1)) / ColumnCount;
    
    _imageViews=[NSMutableArray array];
    for (int row=0; row<RowCount; row++) {
        for (int colomn=0; colomn<ColumnCount; colomn++) {
            UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin + colomn * (imgWidth + Margin), Margin + row * (imgWidth + Margin), imgWidth, imgWidth)];
            imageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
            [self.view addSubview:imageView];
            [_imageViews addObject:imageView];
        }
    }
    
    UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
    button.frame = CGRectMake(15, (imgWidth + Margin) * RowCount + Margin, size.width - 15 * 2, 45);
    [button addTarget:self action:@selector(loadImageWithMultiOperation) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [button setTitle:@"点击加载" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [self.view addSubview:button];
}


#pragma mark - 多线程下载图片

//- (void)loadImageWithMultiOperation {
//
//    int count = RowCount * ColumnCount;
//
//    // 创建一个串行队列 第一个参数:队列名称 第二个参数:队列类型
//    // 注意queue对象不是指针类型
//    dispatch_queue_t serialQueue=dispatch_queue_create("QiShareSerialQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//    // 创建多个线程用于填充图片
//    for (int i=0; i<count; ++i) {
//        //异步执行队列任务
//        dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
//            GCDImage *gcdImg = [[GCDImage alloc] init];
//            gcdImg.index = i;
//            [self loadImg:gcdImg];
//        });
//
//    }
//}

- (void)loadImageWithMultiOperation {
    
    int count = RowCount * ColumnCount;
    
    // 取得全局队列 第一个参数:线程优先级 第二个参数:标记参数,目前没有用,一般传入0
    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue=dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    // 创建多个线程用于填充图片
    for (int i=0; i<count; ++i) {
        //异步执行队列任务
        dispatch_sync(globalQueue, ^{
            GCDImage *gcdImg = [[GCDImage alloc] init];
            gcdImg.index = i;
            [self loadImg:gcdImg];
        });
        
    }
}


#pragma mark - 加载图片

- (void)loadImg:(GCDImage *)gcdImg {
    
    // 请求数据
    gcdImg.imgData = [self requestData];
    
    // 更新UI界面(mainQueue是UI主线程
//    dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        [self updateImage:gcdImg];
//    });
    
    // 打印当前线程
    NSLog(@"current thread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}


#pragma mark - 请求图片数据

- (NSData *)requestData {
    
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://store.storeimages.cdn-apple.com/8756/as-images.apple.com/is/image/AppleInc/aos/published/images/a/pp/apple/products/apple-products-section1-one-holiday-201811?wid=2560&hei=1046&fmt=jpeg&qlt=95&op_usm=0.5,0.5&.v=1540576114151"];
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
    return data;
}


#pragma mark - 将图片显示到界面

- (void)updateImage:(GCDImage *)gcdImg {
    
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:gcdImg.imgData];
    UIImageView *imageView = _imageViews[gcdImg.index];
    imageView.image = image;
}


@end

下面我们就来逐步详细介绍GCD相关的细节...

2.1 GCD中用来执行任务的常用方法
// 同步执行任务(在当前线程中执行任务,不会开启新线程)
dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);

// 异步执行任务(可以在新线程中执行任务,有开启新线程的能力)
dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);

其中,第一个参数为任务所要加入的队列;第二个参数是一个dispatch_block_t类型的block,即任务(一段代码)。

2.2 GCD中的队列
// 串行队列的创建方法
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
// 并发队列的创建方法
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

其中,第一个参数为队列的名称;第二个参数根据取值命名,就可看出为队列的类型。

两个特殊的队列:

  • 主队列(Main Dispatch Queue):是串行队列,所有放在主队列中的任务,都会放到主线程中执行;
    获取主队列:dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
  • 全局队列(Global Dispatch Queue):是并发行队列;
    获取全局队列:dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    其中,第一个参数为队列优先级,一般用DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;第二个参数用0即可。

则调度方法与任务所在队列的组合如下:

调度方法 并发队列 串行队列 主队列
异步(dispatch_async) 开启多个新线程,并发执行任务 开启1个新线程,串行执行任务 没有开启新线程,串行执行任务
同步(dispatch_sync) 没有开启新线程,串行执行任务 没有开启新线程,串行执行任务 主线程调用:死锁导致程序卡死
其他线程调用:没有开启新线程,串行执行任务

我们可以运行下面的代码来验证上列表组合中每一项的正确性,如下:

- (void)addTask:(NSInteger)tag {
    
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
    
    NSLog(@"addTask%ld--->> %@", (long)tag, [NSThread currentThread]);
    
    NSURLSessionTask *task = [NSURLSession.sharedSession dataTaskWithRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.so.com/"]] completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        
        NSLog(@"任务完成%ld--->> %@", (long)tag, [NSThread currentThread]);
        
    }];
    [task resume];
}


#pragma mark - 串行/并发队列 + 同步/异步调用组合

// 异步执行
- (void)asyncExecute {
    
    NSLog(@"CurrentThread---%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"asyncExecute start");
    
    // + 并发队列(开启多个线程,并发执行任务)
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(QiShareQueue, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//    // + 串行队列(开启1个新线程,串行执行任务)
//    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(QiShareQueue, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//    // + 主队列(没有开启新线程,串行执行任务)
//    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    
    for (NSInteger i=0; i<10; i++) {
        
        dispatch_async(queue, ^{
            // 追加任务
            [self addTask:i];
        });
    }
    
    NSLog(@"asyncExecute end");
}

// 同步执行
- (void)syncExecute {
    
    NSLog(@"currentThread---%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"syncExecute start");
    
//    // + 并发队列(没有开启新线程,串行执行任务)
//    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(QiShareQueue, DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//    // + 串行队列(没有开启新线程,串行执行任务)
//    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create(QiShareQueue, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    // + 主队列(1.主线程调用:死锁;2.其他线程调用:不会开启新线程,执行完一个任务,再执行下一个任务)
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    
    for (NSInteger i=0; i<10; i++) {
        
        dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
            // 追加任务
            [self addTask:i];
        });
    }
    
    NSLog(@"syncExecute end");
}
2.3 GCD 线程间通信

例如,从非主线程中异步执行完一个操作后,回到主线程更新UI的大致操作如下:

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
        // 如果下载结束回到主线程更新UI
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            // 更新UI
        });
    });
2.4 关于GCD 死锁

在主线程中,直接执行以下代码:

dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
   
});

就会界面卡死,发生GCD 死锁。原因就是主线程正在执行dispatch_sync操作(同步,并等待其中block完成),而dispatch_sync操作需要等待主线程执行完当前操作才能将block加入主队列,这样就形成了“互相等待”。
通常情况下,在一个线程正在执行一个串行队列sQueue上任务的过程中,再次调用dispatch_sync同步执行这个串行队列sQueue在上的任务,就会引起死锁,如下:

- (void)deadLock {
    
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    
    NSLog(@"1");
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"2");
        
        dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
            NSLog(@"3");
        });
    });
    NSLog(@"4");
}

//// 打印日志(界面卡死)
//2019-01-14 18:07:22.161085+0800 QiMultiThread[469:47692] 1
//2019-01-14 18:07:22.161286+0800 QiMultiThread[469:47692] 4
//2019-01-14 18:07:22.161346+0800 QiMultiThread[469:47707] 2

3. GCD中的其他常用方法

3.1 dispatch_once

一般用来实现创建一个单例,将某个类的实例化部分放在dispatch_once的block中来实现。

static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        // code to be executed once
    })
3.2 dispatch_after

在一个queue中,延时执行某个操作,比如app启动后先执行,开屏幕动画,延时加载界面等。

dispatch_queue_t queue= dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(5.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), queue, ^{
  // 在queue里面延迟执行的一段代码...
});
3.3 dispatch_apply

用dispatch_apply方法可以执行queue中的一个指定任务(即block)n次。

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

dispatch_apply(10, queue, ^(size_t i) {
  NSLog(@"执行 第%lu次", (long)i);
});

注意:如果队列是并发队列,则会并发执行block任务,dispatch_apply是一个同步调用,block任务执行n次后才返回。

3.4 dispatch_barrier

dispatch_barrier有两个方法:dispatch_barrier_async和dispatch_barrier_sync。在同一个队列中dispatch_barrier方法需要等待其前面所有任务执行完毕,再执行自己,自己执行完之后再执行其后面的任务。

-(void)diapatchBarrier {
    NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"---start---");
    
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:7];
        NSLog(@"asyncTask_1");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5];
        NSLog(@"asyncTask_2");
    });
    dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"barrier_asyncTask");
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3];
        
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
        NSLog(@"asyncTask_4");
    });
    
    NSLog(@"---end---");
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 16:56:40.673822+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32253] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c42622c0>{number = 1, name = main}
//2019-01-14 16:56:40.674137+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32253] ---start---
//2019-01-14 16:56:40.674364+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32253] ---end---
//2019-01-14 16:56:45.681232+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32340] asyncTask_2
//2019-01-14 16:56:47.682411+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32285] asyncTask_1
//2019-01-14 16:56:47.682631+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32285] barrier_asyncTask
//2019-01-14 16:56:51.688996+0800 QiMultiThread[401:32285] asyncTask_4
3.5 dispatch_group

在串行队列中,如果想让一任务A在其他一系列任务B、C、D完成之后再执行,那么在这个串行队列中,将任务A追加在这一些列任务之后就可以了。但是在并行队列中,就需要用dispatch_group来实现这波操作。

1)dispatch_group_notify
因为dispatch_group_notify是异步执行的,所以不会阻塞当前线程。

-(void)dispatchGroupNotify {
    
    NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"---start---");
    
    dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_1");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:7];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_2");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:4];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_3");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"dispatch_group_Notify block end");
    });
    
    NSLog(@"---end---");
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 15:21:15.194094+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9717] ---start---
//2019-01-14 15:21:15.194270+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9717] ---end---
//2019-01-14 15:21:17.198617+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9820] groupTask_1
//2019-01-14 15:21:17.199424+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9820] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c4660640>{number = 3, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:21:19.200911+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9825] groupTask_3
//2019-01-14 15:21:19.201224+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9825] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c0278640>{number = 4, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:21:22.200290+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9745] groupTask_2
//2019-01-14 15:21:22.200595+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9745] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c4666b00>{number = 5, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:21:22.200810+0800 QiMultiThread[295:9745] dispatch_group_Notify 结束

2)dispatch_group_wait
顾名思义,dispatch_group_wait会阻塞当前线程,直到任务都完成时才会继续执行之后的代码。

-(void)dispatchGroupWait {
    
    NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"---start---");
    
    dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_1");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:7];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_2");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:4];
        NSLog(@"groupTask_3");
        NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    long result = dispatch_group_wait(group, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 10 * NSEC_PER_SEC));
    NSLog(@"dispatch_group_wait result = %ld", result);
    
    NSLog(@"---end---");
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 15:46:37.226768+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15757] ---start---
//2019-01-14 15:46:39.231152+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15795] groupTask_1
//2019-01-14 15:46:39.231367+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15795] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c0073600>{number = 3, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:46:41.232170+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15801] groupTask_3
//2019-01-14 15:46:41.232644+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15801] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c00736c0>{number = 4, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:46:44.231956+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15827] groupTask_2
//2019-01-14 15:46:44.232328+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15827] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c446b440>{number = 5, name = (null)}
//2019-01-14 15:46:44.232468+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15757] dispatch_group_wait result = 0
//2019-01-14 15:46:44.232525+0800 QiMultiThread[323:15757] ---end---

注: dispatch_group_wait中设置了10秒的等待时间,如果group所有任务的执行时间<=10秒就返回0,如果>10秒则返回非0。

3)dispatch_group_enter和dispatch_group_leave
用dispatch_group_enter跟dispatch_group_leave方法,并配合dispatch_async方法使用,可以代替dispatch_group_async。不过这样操作更显麻烦,dispatch_group_enter与dispatch_group_leave两个方法要配对出现,且group操作结尾仍需要dispatch_group_notify。

-(void)dispatchGroupEnter {
    
    NSLog(@"currentThread: %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"---start---");
    
    dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_group_enter(group);
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:7];
        NSLog(@"asyncTask_1");
        dispatch_group_leave(group);
    });
    
    dispatch_group_enter(group);
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:4];
        NSLog(@"asyncTask_2");
        dispatch_group_leave(group);
    });
    
    dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        NSLog(@"dispatch_group_notify block end");
    });
    NSLog(@"---end---");
}
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 15:47:56.818998+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16283] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c007bc00>{number = 1, name = main}
//2019-01-14 15:47:56.819064+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16283] ---start---
//2019-01-14 15:47:56.819122+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16283] ---end---
//2019-01-14 15:48:00.824143+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16317] asyncTask_2
//2019-01-14 15:48:03.824189+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16314] asyncTask_1
//2019-01-14 15:48:03.824322+0800 QiMultiThread[326:16283] dispatch_group_notify block end

3.6 dispatch_block

如下面将任务(block)添加到队列中的两个方法:

dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);
dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t queue, dispatch_block_t block);

其中,我们可以把第二个参数单独定义一个dispatch_block_t型变量,再传入相应方法中:

// 单独定义一个dispatch_block_t型变量
dispatch_block_t block=dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
  NSLog(@"dispatchBlock_work");
});

// 调用过程 dispatch_async(queue, block);

1)dispatch_block_wait
dispatch_block_wait的执行效果与dispatch_group_wait类似,同样会阻塞当前线程。下面的代码中,将wait操作放在了dispatch_async中来执行(且queue为DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT型),避免了阻塞主线程。

- (void)dispatchBlockWait {
    
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_block_t block = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"---before---");
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:7];
        NSLog(@"---after---");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, block);
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        long result = dispatch_block_wait(block, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 3 * NSEC_PER_SEC));
        NSLog(@"dispatch_block_wait result = %ld", result);
    });
}

//2019-01-14 16:34:59.389940+0800 QiMultiThread[382:27805] ---before---
//2019-01-14 16:35:02.396144+0800 QiMultiThread[382:27809] dispatch_block_wait result = 49
//2019-01-14 16:35:06.395332+0800 QiMultiThread[382:27805] ---after---

2)dispatch_block_notify
dispatch_block_notify当观察的某个block执行结束之后立刻通知提交另一特定的block到指定的queue中执行,该函数有三个参数,第一参数是需要观察的block,第二个参数是被通知block提交执行的queue,第三参数是当需要被通知执行的block

- (void)dispatchBlockNotify {
    
    //dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_block_t preBlock = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"preBlock start");
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:2];
        NSLog(@"preBlock end");
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, preBlock);
    dispatch_block_t afterBlock = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        NSLog(@"has been notifyed");
    });
    
    dispatch_block_notify(preBlock, queue, afterBlock);
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 17:20:33.893522+0800 QiMultiThread[425:37900] preBlock start
//2019-01-14 17:20:35.898765+0800 QiMultiThread[425:37900] preBlock end
//2019-01-14 17:20:35.899008+0800 QiMultiThread[425:37900] has been notifyed

注:此处queue为DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL或DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT均可;当preBlock执行完后,afterBlock会自动提交到queue中执行(queue可以是其他自定义队列)。

3)dispatch_block_cancel
提交到队列的block,是可以撤销的,如下

dispatch_block_t block = dispatch_block_create(0, ^{
        
});
dispatch_async(queue, block);
dispatch_block_cancel(block); // 撤销一个任务
3.7 dispatch_set_target_queue

dispatch_set_target_queue 函数有两个参数queue和targetQueue,dispatch_set_target_queue有两个功能:queue和targetQueue的优先级,targetQueue的优先级更高;targetQueue可以成为queue中所有任务的参照队列,也即queue中的任务将依照targetQueue的类型特点来执行。

dispatch_set_target_queue(queue, targetQueue);

将不同队列中的任务同步的执行:

- (void) dispatchSet2 {
    
    dispatch_queue_t targetQueue = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    dispatch_queue_t queue1 = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue_1", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    dispatch_queue_t queue2 = dispatch_queue_create("QiShareQueue_2", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    
    dispatch_set_target_queue(queue1, targetQueue);
    dispatch_set_target_queue(queue2, targetQueue);
    
    dispatch_async(queue1, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5];
        NSLog(@"Task_1");
        
    });
    dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3];
        NSLog(@"Task_2");
        
    });
    dispatch_async(queue2, ^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
        NSLog(@"Task_3");
        
    });
}

//// 打印日志
//2019-01-14 17:45:29.920351+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42950] currentThread: <NSThread: 0x1c407c600>{number = 1, name = main}
//2019-01-14 17:45:29.920424+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42950] ---start---
//2019-01-14 17:45:29.920474+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42950] ---end---
//2019-01-14 17:45:34.925556+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42987] Task_1
//2019-01-14 17:45:37.930813+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42987] Task_2
//2019-01-14 17:45:38.936053+0800 QiMultiThread[447:42987] Task_3

上述代码中,我们将targetQueue设置为串行,则queue1与queue2均参照targetQueue的类型特点来执行。

ps:

  1. 异步执行(async)虽然具有开启新线程的能力,但是并不一定会开启新线程,是否开启新线程跟任务所在队列类型有关;
  2. 在dispatch_barrier_(a)sync方法中,我们要注意的是不要使用全局并发队列,DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT类型的自定义队列更合适一些。

参考文章链接https://www.jianshu.com/p/c582d705f68e,感谢!

工程源码GitHub地址

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