四部曲：创建父类、创建子类、添加关系、修正子类原型
创建父类
function Human(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
Human.prototype.sayName = function(){ console.log(this.name); };
创建子类
function Woman(name, age, height) {
Human.apply(this, arguments); //维持实例属性
this.height = height;
}
添加关系
function F(){}
F.prototype = Human.prototype;
Woman.prototype = new F();
// 相当于
Woman.prototype = Object.create(Human.prototype);
修正子类原型
Woman.prototype.constructor = Woman;
Woman.prototype.sayHeight = function(){ console.log(this.height); };
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